CARBOXYLIC ACID DERIVATIVES HAVING AN OXAZOLO[4,5-c]PYRIDINE RING

ABSTRACT

Carboxylic acid derivatives having an oxazolo[4,5-c]pyridine ring 
     The invention therefore relates to compounds of the formula I 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     in which X, Y, R 1 , R 2  and R 3  have the given meanings. The compounds of the formula I are suitable, for example, for wound healing.

The invention relates to carboxylic acid derivatives having anoxazolo[4,5-c]pyridine ring and physiologically acceptable saltsthereof.

Structurally similar compounds are already described in the prior art(see WO 2009/154775), which are suitable for treating multiplesclerosis. The mode of action of these compounds consists in causing adesensitization of the EDG 1 signal pathway by activating the EDG 1receptor (so-called superagonism), which is then equivalent to afunctional antagonism of the EDG 1 signal pathway. Systemically meansthat especially on lymphocytes, the EDG 1 signal pathway is permanentlysuppressed, as a result of which these cells can no longerchemotactically follow the S1P gradient between blood and lymph fluid.This means that the affected lymphocytes can no longer leave thesecondary lymphatic tissue (increased homing) and the number of freelycirculating lymphocytes in the plasma is greatly reduced. Thisdeficiency of lymphocytes in the plasma (lymphopenia) brings aboutimmunosuppression which is obligatorily required for the mechanism ofaction of the EDG 1 receptor modulators described in WO 2009/154775.

It was an object of the invention to provide compounds which display atherapeutically utilizable action. The object was in particular toprovide novel compounds which are suitable specifically for woundhealing and in particular for the treatment of wound healing disordersin patients with diabetes. In addition, it was desirable to providecompounds which are suitable for the treatment of diabetic foot syndrome(DFS). Furthermore, it was desirable to achieve a reproducibleactivation of the EDG 1 receptor signal pathway which thereby permits,in pharmacological terms, a persistent activation of the EDG 1 signalpathway.

The invention therefore relates to compounds of the formula I

in which X, Y, R¹, R² and R³ are as defined below.

The mechanism of action of the compounds of the formula I is thus notbased on desensitization of the EDG 1 signal pathway and is therefore indiametral opposition to the mechanism of action described in WO2009/154775. The invention furthermore relates to processes for thepreparation of compounds of the formula I, their use, in particular asactive ingredients in pharmaceuticals, and pharmaceutical compositionscomprising them.

Compared with healthy people, patients with diabetes have delayed woundhealing and an increased rate of infection, especially in the case oflong-term hyperglycemia, caused for example by poor blood sugarregulation. The causes include circulation disorders, especially in thearea of the small vessels, which lead to impaired oxygen and nutrientsupply of the tissue. Moreover, the cell division and cell migrationrate of keratinocytes, fibroblasts and dermal endothelial cells isreduced. Additionally, the activity of various defense cells(granulocytes) with reduced phagocytosis (engulfing and destruction ofbacteria) is restricted. The action of antibodies (immunoglobulins)against bacteria at high blood sugar levels is also restricted.Accordingly, wounds and infections in patients with diabetes have to becared for in a particular way.

The Edg 1 receptor is a member of the endothelial differentiation gene(Edg) receptor family of currently eight identified class A GPCRs(G-protein coupled receptors). This family can be divided intosubfamilies of sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P)-activated receptors (fivemembers) and receptors activated by lysophosphatidic acid (LPA; threemembers). The endogenous ligand S1P is a pluripotent lysophospholipidacting on different cell types by activating GPCRs from the Edg receptorfamily, namely Edg 1 (=S1P1), Edg 3 (=S1P3), Edg 5 (=S1P2), Edg 6(=S1P4) and Edg 8 (S1P5). Although S1P is also described as anintracellular messenger, numerous cellular responses of S1P are mediatedvia the activation of Edg receptors. S1P is generated by the enzymefamily of sphingosine kinases (SPHK) and degraded by differentphosphatases or lyases.

Known indications of Edg 1 receptor agonists are, for example,cardiovascular disorders, atherosclerosis, heart failure,cardioprotection, peripheral arterial occlusive disease, kidneydisorders and respiratory disorders.

The present invention provides compounds of the formula I in any oftheir stereoisomeric forms, or a mixture of stereoisomeric forms in anyratio, or a physiologically acceptable salt thereof, or aphysiologically acceptable solvate of such a compound or such a salt,

wherein

X is selected from the group consisting of (C₁-C₆)-alkanediyl,(C₂-C₆)-alkenediyl, (C₂-C₆)-alkynediyl, (C₃-C₇)-cycloalkanediyl,(C₁-C₆)-alkanediyloxy and (C₃-C₇)-cycloalkanediyloxy; all of which areoptionally substituted by one or more identical or differentsubstituents selected from the group consisting of fluorine andhydroxyl, where the oxygen atom of the (C₁-C₆)-alkanediyloxy and(C₃-C₇)-cycloalkanediyloxy groups is attached to group Y;

Y is selected from the group consisting of phenylene and a bivalentradical of an aromatic 5-membered or 6-membered monocyclic heterocyclewhich contains 1, 2 or 3 identical or different ring heteroatomsselected from the group consisting of N, O and S, where one of the ringnitrogen atoms may carry a hydrogen atom or a substituent R⁴ and wherethe phenylene and the bivalent radical of an aromatic heterocycle areoptionally substituted at one or more ring carbon atoms by identical ordifferent substituents R⁵;

R¹ is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen and (C₁-C₄)-alkyl;

R² and R³ independently of one another are selected from the groupconsisting of H, halogen, hydroxyl, (C₁-C₄)-alkyl-, (C₁-C₄)-alkyloxy,(C₁-C₄)-alkyl-S(O)_(m)—, amino, nitro, cyano, hydroxycarbonyl,(C₁-C₄)-alkyloxycarbonyl, aminocarbonyl and aminosulfonyl,(C₃-C₇)-cycloalkyl-C_(w)H_(2w)— and oxy, where w is selected from thegroup consisting of 0, 1 and 2;

R⁴ is selected from the group consisting of (C₁-C₄)-alkyl,(C₃-C₇)-cycloalkyl-C_(w)H_(2w)— and oxy, where w is selected from thegroup consisting of 0, 1 and 2;

R⁵ is selected from the group consisting of halogen, hydroxyl,(C₁-C₄)-alkyl-, (C₃-C₅)-cycloalkyl-C_(z)H_(2z)—, (C₁-C₄)-alkyloxy,(C₁-C₄)-alkyl-S(O)_(m)—, amino, nitro, cyano, hydroxycarbonyl,(C₁-C₄)-alkyloxycarbonyl, aminocarbonyl and aminosulfonyl, where z isselected from the group consisting of 0, 1 and 2;

m is selected from the group consisting of 0, 1 and 2.

Structural elements such as groups, substituents, hetero ring members,numbers or other features, for example alkyl groups, groups like R⁵,numbers like m, which can occur several times in the compounds of theformula I, can all independently of one another have any of theindicated meanings and can in each case be identical to or differentfrom one another. For example, the alkyl groups in a dialkylamino groupcan be identical or different.

Alkyl, alkenyl and alkynyl groups can be linear, i.e. straight-chain, orbranched. This also applies when they are part of other groups, forexample alkyloxy groups (=alkoxy groups, alkyl O groups),alkyloxycarbonyl groups or alkyl-substituted amino groups, or when theyare substituted. Depending on the respective definition, the number ofcarbon atoms in an alkyl group can be 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 or 6, or 1, 2, 3 or4, or 1, 2 or 3. Examples of alkyl are methyl, ethyl, propyl includingn-propyl and isopropyl, butyl including n-butyl, sec-butyl, isobutyl andtert-butyl, pentyl including n pentyl, 1-methylbutyl, isopentyl,neopentyl and tert-pentyl, and hexyl including n-hexyl,3,3-dimethylbutyl and isohexyl. Double bonds and triple bonds in alkenylgroups and alkynyl groups can be present in any positions. In oneembodiment of the invention, alkenyl groups contain one double bond andalkynyl groups contain one triple bond. In one embodiment of theinvention, an alkenyl group or alkynyl group contains at least threecarbon atoms and is bonded to the remainder of the molecule via a carbonatom which is not part of a double bond or triple bond. Examples ofalkenyl and alkynyl are ethenyl, prop-1-enyl, prop-2-enyl (=allyl),but-2-enyl, 2-methylprop-2-enyl, 3-methylbut-2-enyl, hex-3-enyl,hex-4-enyl, prop-2-ynyl (=propargyl), but-2-ynyl, but-3-ynyl, hex-4-ynylor hex-5-ynyl. Substituted alkyl groups, alkenyl groups and alkynylgroups can be substituted in any positions, provided that the respectivecompound is sufficiently stable and is suitable for the desired purposesuch as use as a drug substance. The prerequisite that a specific groupand a compound of the formula I are sufficiently stable and suitable forthe desired purpose such as use as a drug substance, applies in generalwith respect to the definitions of all groups in the compounds of theformula I.

As far as applicable, the preceding explanations regarding alkyl,alkenyl and alkynyl groups apply correspondingly to divalent alkylgroups such as the groups alkanediyl C_(u)H_(2u), C_(v)H_(2v),C_(w)H_(2w) and C_(z)H_(2z) and bivalent alkenyl groups and alkynylgroups, such as the groups alkenediyl and alkyndiyl, which thus canlikewise be linear and branched. The double bonds and triple bonds inalkenediyl and alkynediyl groups can be present in any positions. In oneembodiment of the invention, alkenediyl groups contain one double bondand alkynediyl groups contain one triple bond. Examples of divalentalkyl groups are —CH₂— (=methylene, —CH₂—CH₂—, —CH₂—CH₂—CH₂—,—CH₂—CH₂—CH₂—CH₂—, —CH(CH₃)—,

—C(CH₃)₂—, —CH(CH₃)—CH₂—, —CH₂—CH(CH₃)—, —C(CH₃)₂—CH₂—, —CH₂—C(CH₃)₂—,examples of divalent alkenyl groups are —CH═CH—, —CH₂—CH═CH—,—CH═CH—CH₂—, —CH₂—CH═CH—CH₂—, —CH₂—CH₂—CH═CH—, —C(CH₃)═C(CH₃)—, andexamples of divalent alkynyl groups are —C≡C—, —CH₂—C≡C—, —C≡C—CH₂—,—C(CH₃)₂—C≡C—, —C≡C≡C(CH₃)₂—, —CH₂—C≡C—CH₂—, —CH₂—CH₂—C≡C—. If a numberin a divalent group such as the number z in the group C_(z)H_(2z), forexample, is 0 (=zero), the two groups which are attached to thecontemplated group, such as C_(z)H_(2z), are directly connected to oneanother via a single bond.

The number of ring carbon atoms in a cycloalkyl group can be 3, 4, 5, 6or 7. In one embodiment of the invention, the number of ring carbonatoms in a cycloalkyl group, independently of the number of ring carbonatoms in any other cycloalkyl group, is 3, 4, 5 or 6, in anotherembodiment 3, 4 or 5, in another embodiment 3 or 4, in anotherembodiment 3, in another embodiment 5, 6 or 7, in another embodiment 5or 6, in another embodiment 6 or 7, in another embodiment 6. Thisapplies accordingly to divalent cycloalkyl groups, i.e. cycloalkanediylgroups, which can be bonded to the adjacent groups via any one or tworing carbon atoms. Examples of cycloalkyl groups are cyclopropyl,cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl and cycloheptyl. Examples ofdivalent cycloalkyl groups are cyclopropane-1,1-diyl,cyclopropane-1,2-diyl, cyclobutane-1,3-diyl, cyclopentane-1,1-diyl,cyclopentane-1,2-diyl, cyclopentane-1,3-diyl, cyclohexane-1,1-diyl,cyclohexane-1,2-diyl, cyclohexane-1,3-diyl, cyclohexane-1,4-diyl,cycloheptane-1,4-diyl. Independently of one another and independently ofany other substituents, cycloalkyl groups and cycloalkanediyl groups areoptionally substituted by one or more identical or different(C₁-C₄)-alkyl substituents which can be located in any positions, i.e.,cycloalkyl groups can be unsubstituted by alkyl substituents orsubstituted by alkyl substituents, for example by 1, 2, 3 or 4, or by 1or 2, (C₁-C₄)-alkyl substituents, for example by methyl groups. Examplesof alkyl-substituted cycloalkyl groups and cycloalkanediyl groups are4-methylcyclohexyl, 4-tert-butylcyclohexyl or 2,3-dimethylcyclopentyl,2,2-dimethylcyclopropane-1,1-diyl, 2,2-dimethylcyclopropane-1,2-diyl,2,2-dimethylcyclopentane-1,3-diyl, 6,6-dimethylcycloheptane-1,4-diyl.Examples of cycloalkylalkyl groups, which can represent groups such as(C₃-C₅)-cycloalkyl-C_(z)H_(2z)—, for example, are cyclopropylmethyl,cyclobutylmethyl, cyclopentylmethyl, cyclohexylmethyl,cycloheptylmethyl, 1-cyclopropylethyl, 2-cyclopropylethyl,1-cyclobutylethyl, 2-cyclobutylethyl, 2-cyclopentylethyl,2-cyclohexylethyl, 2-cycloheptylethyl.

Independently of one another and independently of any othersubstituents, alkyl groups, divalent alkyl groups, alkenyl groups,divalent alkenyl groups, alkynyl groups, divalent alkynyl groups,cycloalkyl groups and divalent cycloalkyl groups may optionally besubstituted by one or more fluorine substituents which can be located inany positions, i.e., these groups can be unsubstituted by fluorinesubstituents or substituted by fluorine substituents, for example by 1,2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12 or 13, or by 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8or 9, or by 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 or 7, or by 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5, or by 1, 2 or3, or by 1 or 2, fluorine substituents. Examples of suchfluorine-substituted groups are trifluoromethyl, 2-fluoroethyl,2,2,2-trifluoroethyl, pentafluoroethyl, 3,3,3-trifluoropropyl,2,2,3,3,3-pentafluoropropyl, 4,4,4-trifluorobutyl, heptafluoroisopropyl,—CHF—, —CF₂—, —CF₂—CH₂—, —CH₂—CF₂—, —CF₂—CF₂—, —CF(CH₃)—, —C(CF₃)₂—,1-fluorocyclopropyl, 2,2-difluorocyclopropyl, 3,3-difluorocyclobutyl,1-fluorocyclohexyl, 4,4-difluorocyclohexyl,3,3,4,4,5,5-hexafluorocyclohexyl, 2,2-difluorocyclopropane-1,2-diyl.Examples of alkyloxy groups in which the alkyl moiety isfluorine-substituted are trifluoromethoxy, 2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy,pentafluoroethoxy and 3,3,3-trifluoropropoxy. In one embodiment of theinvention, the total number of fluorine substituents and (C₁-C₄)-alkylsubstituents, which independently of any other substituents areoptionally present on cycloalkyl groups and cycloalkanediyl groups inthe compounds of the formula I, is 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10 or 11,in another embodiment 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 or 9, in another embodiment1, 2, 3, 4 or 5, in another embodiment 1, 2, 3 or 4.

Groups like phenyl, naphthyl (=naphthalynyl) and residues of aromaticheterocycles which are optionally substituted by one or moresubstituents, can be unsubstituted or substituted, for example by 1, 2,3, 4 or 5, or by 1, 2, 3 or 4, or by 1, 2 or 3, or by 1 or 2, or by 1,identical or different substituents which can be located in anypositions. In one embodiment of the invention the total number of nitrosubstituents in a compound of the formula I is not greater than two.Aromatic nitrogen heterocycles which in the parent ring system carry ahydrogen atom on a ring nitrogen atom in a 5-membered ring, such as apyrrole, imidazole, indole or benzimidazole ring, for example, can besubstituted on the carbon atoms and/or on such ring nitrogen atoms. Inone embodiment of the invention, substituents on such ring nitrogenatoms are chosen from (C₁-C₄)-alkyl groups, i.e. such ring nitrogenatoms in aromatic heterocycles carry a hydrogen atom or a (C₁-C₄)-alkylsubstituent. When it is stated with respect to ring nitrogen atoms inaromatic heterocycles and other heterocycles that they can carry ahydrogen atom or a substituent, such ring nitrogen atoms either carry ahydrogen atom or a substituent, or they do not carry a hydrogen atom orsubstituent. Ring nitrogen atoms which carry a hydrogen atom or asubstituent, occur in a nitrogen-containing aromatic 5-membered ring asis present in pyrrole, imidazole, indole or benzimidazole, for example,and in a non-aromatic ring including a saturated ring. Ring nitrogenatoms which do not carry a hydrogen atom or a substituent unless theyare present in positively charged form, including any further ringnitrogen atoms in addition to ring nitrogen atoms which carry a hydrogenatom or a substituent, occur in an aromatic ring as is present inthiazole, imidazole, pyridine or benzimidazole, for example, and in anon-aromatic ring in which they are bridgehead atoms or are part of adouble bond, and they occur as ring nitrogen atoms via which a ring isbonded. Suitable ring nitrogen atoms in aromatic heterocycles in thecompounds of the formula I, such as the ring nitrogen atom in a pyridinering, specifically a ring nitrogen atom in an aromatic heterocyclerepresenting R², can also carry an oxy substituent O⁻ and be present asan N-oxide, and such ring nitrogen atoms can also be present asquaternary salt, for example as N—(C₁-C₄)-alkyl salt such as N-methylsalt, wherein in one embodiment of the invention the counter anion insuch a quaternary salt is a physiologically acceptable anion which isderived from an acid that forms a physiologically acceptable salt. Inmonosubstituted phenyl groups, the substituent can be located in the2-position, the 3-position or the 4-position. In disubstituted phenylgroups, the substituents can be located in 2,3-position, 2,4-position,2,5-position, 2,6-position, 3,4-position or 3,5-position. Intrisubstituted phenyl groups, the substituents can be located in2,3,4-position, 2,3,5-position, 2,3,6-position, 2,4,5-position,2,4,6-position or 3,4,5-position. Naphthyl can be 1-naphthyl(=naphthalen-1-yl) or 2-naphthyl (=naphthalen-2-yl). In monosubstituted1-naphthyl groups, the substituent can be located in the 2-, 3-, 4-, 5-,6-, 7- or 8-position. In monosubstituted 2-naphthyl groups, thesubstituent can be located in the 1-, 3-, 4-, 5-, 6-, 7- or 8-position.In disubstituted naphthyl groups, the substituents can likewise belocated in any positions both in the ring via which the naphthyl groupis bonded and/or in the other ring. This statement relating to themonovalent residues applies accordingly to the respective divalentresidues, such as phenylene groups representing R², for example, whichthus can likewise be unsubstituted or substituted, for example by 1, 2,3 or 4, or by 1, 2 or 3, or by 1 or 2, or by 1, identical or differentsubstituents which can be located in any positions.

In aromatic heterocycles, which may be designated as heteroaryl andheteroarylene groups, as well as in all other heterocyclic rings andnon-aromatic heterocyclic groups, the ring heteroatoms are generallychosen from N, O and S, where N includes ring nitrogen atoms which carrya hydrogen atom or a substituent as well as ring nitrogen atom which donot carry a hydrogen atom or a substituent. Ring heteroatoms can belocated in any positions, provided that the heterocyclic system is knownin the art and is stable and suitable as a subgroup for the desiredpurpose of the compound of the formula I such as use as a drugsubstance. In one embodiment of the invention, two ring oxygen atomscannot be present in adjacent ring positions of any heterocycle, inanother embodiment two ring heteroatoms selected from the groupconsisting of oxygen and sulfur cannot be present in adjacent ringpositions of any heterocycle. Saturated rings do not contain a doublebond within the ring. Unsaturated ring systems can be aromatic orpartially unsaturated including partially aromatic, in which latter caseone ring in a bicyclic ring system is aromatic and the ring system isbonded via an atom in the non-aromatic ring. Depending on the respectivegroup, unsaturated rings can contain one, two, three, four or fivedouble bonds within the ring. Aromatic groups contain a cyclic system ofsix or ten delocalized pi electrons in the ring. Depending on therespective group, saturated and non-aromatic unsaturated heterocyclicrings, including Het and non-aromatic groups representing R³, can be3-membered, 4-membered, 5-membered, 6-membered, 7-membered, 8-membered,9-membered or 10-membered. In one embodiment of the invention, aromaticheterocyclic rings are 5-membered or 6-membered monocyclic rings or8-membered, 9-membered or 10-membered bicyclic rings, in anotherembodiment 5-membered or 6-membered monocyclic rings or 9-membered or10-membered bicyclic rings, in another embodiment 5-membered or6-membered monocyclic rings, wherein the 8-membered, 9-membered or10-membered bicyclic rings are composed of two fused 5-membered rings, a5-membered ring and a 6-membered ring which are fused to one another,and two fused 6-membered rings, respectively. In bicyclic aromaticheterocyclic groups, one or both rings can contain hetero ring members,and one or both rings can be aromatic. In general, bicyclic ring systemscontaining an aromatic ring and a non-aromatic ring are regarded asaromatic when they are bonded via a carbon atom in the aromatic ring,and as non-aromatic when they are bonded via a carbon atom in thenon-aromatic ring. Unless stated otherwise, heterocyclic groupsincluding aromatic heterocyclic groups can be bonded via any suitablering carbon atom and, in the case of nitrogen heterocycles, via anysuitable ring nitrogen atom. In one embodiment of the invention, anaromatic heterocyclic group in a compound of the formula I,independently of any other aromatic heterocyclic group, is bonded via aring carbon atom, in another embodiment via a ring nitrogen atom.Depending on the definition of the respective heterocyclic group, in oneembodiment of the invention the number of ring heteroatoms which can bepresent in a heterocyclic group, independently of the number of ringheteroatoms in any other heterocyclic group, is 1, 2, 3 or 4, in anotherembodiment 1, 2 or 3, in another embodiment 1 or 2, in anotherembodiment 1, wherein the ring heteroatoms can be identical ordifferent. Heterocyclic groups which are optionally substituted, canindependently of any other heterocyclic group be unsubstituted orsubstituted by one or more identical or different substituents, forexample by 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5, or by 1, 2, 3 or 4, or by 1, 2 or 3, or by 1or 2, or by 1 substituents, which are indicated in the definition of therespective group. Substituents on heterocyclic groups can be located inany positions. For example, in a pyridin-2-yl group substituents can belocated in the 3-position and/or 4-position and/or 5-position and/or6-position, in a pyridin-3-yl group substituents can be located in the2-position and/or 4-position and/or 5-position and/or 6-position, in apyridin-4-yl group substituents can be located in the 2-position and/or3-position and/or 5-position and/or 6-position.

Examples of parent heterocycles, from which heterocyclic groupsincluding aromatic heterocyclic groups, saturated heterocyclic groupsand non-aromatic unsaturated heterocyclic groups can be derived, areazete, oxete, pyrrole, furan, thiophene, imidazole, pyrazole,[1,3]dioxole, oxazole (=[1,3]oxazole), isoxazole (=[1,2]oxazole),thiazole (=[1,3]thiazole), isothiazole (=[1,2]thiazole),[1,2,3]triazole, [1,2,4]triazole, [1,2,4]oxadiazole, [1,3,4]oxadiazole,[1,2,4]thiadiazole, [1,3,4]thiadiazole, tetrazole, pyridine, pyran,thiopyran, pyridazine, pyrimidine, pyrazine, [1,3]oxazine, [1,4]oxazine,[1,3]thiazine, [1,4]thiazine, [1,2,3]triazine, [1,3]dithiine,[1,4]dithiine, [1,2,4]triazine, [1,3,5]triazine, [1,2,4,5]tetrazine,azepine, [1,3]diazepine, [1,4]diazepine, [1,3]oxazepine, [1,4]oxazepine,[1,3]thiazepine, [1,4]thiazepine, azocine, azecine,cyclopenta[b]pyrrole, 2-azabicyclo[3.1.0]hexane,3-azabicyclo[3.1.0]hexane, 2-oxa-5-azabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane, indole,isoindole, benzothiophene, benzofuran, [1,3]benzodioxole(=1,2-methylenedioxybenzene), [1,3]benzoxazole, [1,3]benzothiazole,benzoimidazole, thieno[3,2-c]pyridine, chromene, isochromene,[1,4]benzodioxine, [1,4]benzoxazine, [1,4]benzothiazine, quinoline,isoquinoline, cinnoline, quinazoline, quinoxaline, phthalazine,thienothiophene, [1,8]naphthyridine and other naphthyridines, pteridine,and the respective saturated and partially unsaturated heterocycles inwhich one or more, for example one, two, three, four or all double bondswithin the ring system including double bonds in aromatic ring arereplaced with single bonds, such as azetidine, oxetane, pyrrolidine,tetrahydrofuran, tetrahydrothiophene, imidazolidine, oxazolidine,thiazolidine, dihydropyridine, piperidine, tetrahydropyran, piperazine,morpholine, thiomorpholine, azepane, chroman, isochroman,[1,4]benzodioxane (=1,2-ethylenedioxybenzene), 2,3-dihydrobenzofuran,1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinoline, 1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline, forexample.

Examples of residues of aromatic heterocycles, which can occur in thecompounds of the formula I, are thiophenyl (=thienyl) includingthiophen-2-yl and thiophen-3-yl, pyridinyl (=pyridyl) includingpyridin-2-yl (=2-pyridyl), pyridin-3-yl (=3-pyridyl) and pyridin-4-yl(=4-pyridyl), imidazolyl including, for example, 1H-imidazol-1-yl, 1Himidazol-2-yl, 1H-imidazol-4-yl and 1H-imidazol-5-yl, [1,2,4]triazolylincluding 1H-[1,2,4]-triazol-1-yl and 4H-[1,2,4-triazol-3-yl, tetrazolylincluding 1H-tetrazol-1-yl and 1H-tetrazol-5-yl, quinolinyl (=quinolyl)including quinolin-2-yl, quinolin-3-yl, quinolin-4-yl, quinolin-5-yl,quinolin-6-yl, quinolin-7-yl and quinolin-8-yl, which all are optionallysubstituted as indicated in the definition of the respective group.Examples of residues of saturated and partially unsaturatedheterocycles, which can occur in the compounds of the formula I, areazetidinyl, pyrrolidinyl including pyrrolidin-1-yl, pyrrolidin-2-yl andpyrrolidin-3-yl, 2,5-dihydro-1H-pyrrolyl, piperidinyl includingpiperidin-1-yl, piperidin-2-yl, piperidin-3-yl and piperidin-4-yl,1,2,3,4-tetrahydropyridinyl, 1,2,5,6-tetrahydropyridinyl,1,2-dihydropyridinyl, azepanyl, azocanyl, azecanyl,octahydrocyclopenta[b]pyrrolyl, 2,3-dihydrobenzofuranyl including2,3-dihydrobenzofuran-7-yl, 2,3-dihydro-1H-indolyl,octahydro-1H-indolyl, 2,3-dihydro-1H-isoindolyl,octahydro-1H-isoindolyl, 1,2-dihydroquinolinyl,1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinolinyl, decahydroquinolinyl,1,2-dihydroisoquinolinyl, 1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinolinyl,1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinolinyl, decahydroisoquinolinyl,decahydroisoquinolinyl, 4,5,6,7-tetrahydrothieno[3,2-c]pyridinyl,pyrazolidinyl, imidazolidinyl, hexahydropyrimidinyl,1,2-dihydropyrimidinyl, piperazinyl, [1,3]diazepanyl, [1,4]diazepanyl,oxazolidinyl, [1,3]oxazinanyl, [1,3]oxazepanyl, morpholinyl includingmorpholin-2-yl, morpholin-3-yl and morpholin-4-yl, [1,4]oxazepanyl,thiazolidinyl, [1,3]thiazinanyl, thiomorpholinyl includingthiomorpholin-2-yl, thiomorpholin-3-yl and thiomorpholin-4-yl,3,4-dihydro-2H-[1,4]thiazinyl, [1,3]thiazepanyl, [1,4]thiazepanyl,[1,4]thiazepanyl, oxetanyl, tetrahydrofuranyl, tetrahydrothienyl,isoxazolidinyl, isothiazolidinyl, oxazolidinyl, [1,2,4]-oxadiazolidinyl,[1,2,4]-thiadiazolidinyl, [1,2,4]triazolidinyl, [1,3,4]oxadiazolidinyl,[1,3,4]thiadiazolidinyl, [1,3,4]triazolidinyl, 2,3-dihydrofuranyl,2,5-dihydrofuranyl, 2,3-dihydrothienyl, 2,5-dihydrothienyl,2,3-dihydropyrrolyl, 2,3-dihydroisoxazolyl, 4,5-dihydroisoxazolyl,2,5-dihydroisoxazolyl, 2,3-dihydroisothiazolyl, 4,5-dihydroisothiazolyl,2,5-dihydroisothiazolyl, 2,3-dihydropyrazolyl, 4,5-dihydropyrazolyl,2,5-dihydropyrazolyl, 2,3-dihydrooxazolyl, 4,5-dihydrooxazolyl,2,5-dihydrooxazolyl, 2,3-dihydrothiazolyl, 4,5-dihydrothiazolyl,2,5-dihydrothiazolyl, 2,3-dihydroimidazolyl, 4,5-dihydroimidazolyl,2,5-dihydroimidazolyl, tetrahydropyridazinyl, tetrahydropyrimidinyl,tetrahydropyrazinyl, tetrahydro[1,3,5]triazinyl, [1,3]dithianyl,tetrahydropyranyl, tetrahydrothiopyranyl, [1,3]dioxolanyl,3,4,5,6-tetrahydropyridinyl, 4H-[1,3]thiazinyl,1,1-dioxo-2,3,4,5-tetrahydrothienyl, 2-azabicyclo[3.1.0]hexyl including2-azabicyclo[3.1.0]hex-2-yl, 3-azabicyclo[3.1.0]hexyl including3-azabicyclo[3.1.0]hex-3-yl, 2-oxa-5-azabicyclo[2.2.1]-heptyl including2-oxa-5-azabicyclo[2.2.1]-hept-5-yl, which all are bonded via anysuitable ring carbon atom or ring nitrogen atom and are optionallysubstituted as indicated in the definition of the respective group.

Halogen is fluorine, chlorine, bromine or iodine. In one embodiment ofthe invention, any halogen in a compound of the formula I isindependently of any other halogen selected from the group consisting offluorine, chlorine and bromine, in another embodiment from fluorine andchlorine.

When an oxo group is bonded to a carbon atom, it replaces two hydrogenatoms on a carbon atom of the parent system. Thus, if a CH₂ group in achain or a ring is substituted by oxo, i.e. by a doubly bonded oxygenatom, it becomes a C(O) (═C(═O)) group. Evidently, an oxo group cannotoccur as a substituent on a carbon atom in an aromatic ring such as in aphenyl group, for example. When a ring sulfur atom in a heterocyclicgroup can carry one or two oxo groups, it is a non-oxidized sulfur atomS in case it does not carry any oxo group, or it is an S(O) group(=sulfoxide group, S oxide group) in case it carries one oxo group, orit is an S(O)₂ group (=sulfone group, S,S dioxide group) in case itcarries two oxo groups.

The present invention includes all stereoisomeric forms of the compoundsof the formula I and their salts and solvates. With respect to eachchiral center, independently of any other chiral center, the compoundsof the formula I can be present in S configuration or substantially Sconfiguration, or in R configuration or substantially R configuration,or as a mixture of the S isomer and the R isomer in any ratio. Theinvention includes all possible enantiomers and diastereomers andmixtures of two or more stereoisomers, for example mixtures ofenantiomers and/or diastereomers, in all ratios. Thus, compoundsaccording to the invention which can exist as enantiomers can be presentin enantiomerically pure form, both as levorotatory and asdextrorotatory antipodes, and in the form of mixtures of the twoenantiomers in all ratios including racemates. In the case of a E/Zisomerism, or cis/trans isomerism, for example on double bonds or ringssuch as cycloalkyl rings, the invention includes both the E form and Zform, or the cis form and the trans form, as well as mixtures of theseforms in all ratios. In one embodiment of the invention, a compoundwhich can occur in two or more stereoisomeric forms is a pure, orsubstantially pure, individual stereoisomer. The preparation ofindividual stereoisomers can be carried out, for example, by separationof a mixture of isomers by customary methods, for example bychromatography or crystallization, by the use of stereochemicallyuniform starting materials in the synthesis, or by stereoselectivesynthesis. Optionally, a derivatization can be carried out before aseparation of stereoisomers. The separation of a mixture ofstereoisomers can be carried out at the stage of the compound of theformula I or at the stage of a starting material or an intermediateduring the synthesis. The present invention also includes all tautomericforms of the compounds of the formula I and their salts and solvates.

In case the compounds of the formula I contain one or more acidic and/orbasic groups, i.e. salt-forming groups, the invention also includestheir corresponding physiologically or toxicologically acceptable salts,i.e. non-toxic salts, in particular their pharmaceutically acceptablesalts.

The present invention includes all solvates of compounds of the formulaI, for example hydrates or adducts with alcohols such as(C₁-C₄)-alkanols, active metabolites of the compounds of the formula I,and also prodrugs and derivatives of the compounds of the formula Iwhich in vitro may not necessarily exhibit pharmacological activity butwhich in vivo are converted into pharmacologically active compounds, forexample esters or amides of carboxylic acid groups.

The alkanediyl, alkenediyl and alkynediyl groups occurring in the groupX can be linear or branched, as already indicated with respect to suchgroups in general, and these groups as well as cycloalkanediyl groupsrepresenting X can be bonded to the adjacent groups, i.e. to the groupR¹O—C(O) and the group Y or, in the case of the group alkanediyloxy, tothe oxygen atom of the alkanediyloxy group, via any positions.

The adjacent groups can be bonded to the same carbon atom or todifferent carbon atoms in the group X. In one embodiment, the chain ofcarbon atoms in an alkanediyl, alkenediyl and alkynediyl groupsoccurring in the group X which directly connects the group R¹O—C(O) tothe group Y or, in the case of the group alkanediyloxy, to the oxygenatom of the alkanediyloxy group, consists of 1, 2, 3 or 4 carbon atoms,in another embodiment of 1, 2 or 3 carbon atoms, in another embodimentof 1 or 2 carbon atoms, in another embodiment of 1 carbon atom. In thecase of a cycloalkanediyl group representing X, in one embodiment thegroups R¹O—C(O) and Y are bonded to two ring carbon atoms which are in1,2-position, 1,3-position or 1,4-position with respect to each other,in another embodiment in 1,2-position or 1,3-position with respect toeach other, in another embodiment in 1,2-position with respect to eachother, in another embodiment in 1,4-position with respect to each other.In one embodiment, X is chosen from (C₁-C₆)-alkanediyl,(C₂-C₆)-alkenediyl, (C₃-C₇)-cycloalkanediyl and (C₁-C₆)-alkanediyl-oxy,in another embodiment from (C₁-C₆)-alkanediyl, (C₂-C₆)-alkenediyl and(C₁-C₆)-alkanediyloxy, In another embodiment from (C₁-C₆)-alkanediyl,(C₃-C₇)-cycloalkanediyl and (C₁-C₆)-alkanediyloxy, in one embodimentfrom (C₁-C₆)-alkanediyl and (C₁-C₆)-alkanediyloxy, in another embodimentfrom (C₁-C₆)-alkanediyl, (C₂-C₆)-alkenediyl, (C₂-C₆)-alkynediyl and(C₃-C₇)-cycloalkanediyl, in another embodiment from (C₁-C₆)-alkanediyl,(C₂-C₆)-alkenediyl and (C₃-C₇)-cycloalkanediyl, in another embodimentfrom (C₁-C₆)-alkanediyl and (C₂-C₆)-alkenediyl, in another embodiment Xis (C₁-C₆)-alkanediyl, in another embodiment X is (C₂-C₆)-alkenediyl, inanother embodiment X is (C₃-C₇)-cycloalkanediyl, and in anotherembodiment X is (C₁-C₆)-alkanediyloxy, which all are optionallysubstituted as indicated. In one embodiment a (C₁-C₆)-alkanediyl groupoccurring in X is a (C₁-C₄)-alkanediyl group, in another embodiment a(C₁-C₃)-alkanediyl group, in another embodiment a (C₁-C₂)-alkanediylgroup. In one embodiment, the (C₂-C₆)-alkenediyl and (C₂-C₆)-alkynediylgroups representing X are (C₂-C₄)-alkenediyl and (C₂-C₄)-alkynediylgroups, in another embodiment (C₂-C₃)-alkenediyl and (C₂-C₃)-alkynediylgroups. In one embodiment, a (C₃-C₇)-cycloalkanediyl group representingX is a (C₃-C₆)-cycloalkanediyl group, in another embodiment a(C₃-C₄)-cycloalkanediyl group, in another embodiment a cyclopropanediylgroup, in another embodiment a cyclohexanediyl group. Examples of groupsX from any one or more of which the respective group representing X canbe chosen in the aforementioned embodiments, or from any one or more ofwhich X can be chosen in another embodiment of the invention, aremethylene, —CH(CH₃)— (ethane-1,1-diyl), —CH₂—CH₂— (ethane-1,2-diyl,1,2-ethylene), —C(CH₃)₂— (1-methylethane-1,1-diyl), —CH₂—CH₂—CH₂—(propane-1,3-diyl, 1,3-propylene), —CH₂—CH(CH₃)— and —CH(CH₃)—CH₂—(propane-1,2-diyl, 1,2-propylene), which exemplify the group(C₁-C₆)-alkanediyl, —CH═CH— (ethene-1,2-diyl), —CH═CH—CH₂— and—CH₂—CH═CH— (prop-1-ene-1,3-diyl and prop-2-ene-1,3-diyl) and—CH═C(CH₃)— and —C(CH₃)═CH— (prop-1-ene-1,2-diyl) which exemplify thegroup (C₂-C₆)-alkenediyl, —C≡O— (ethynediyl) and —CH₂—C≡C and —C≡C—CH₂—(prop-1-yne-1,3-diyl and prop-2-yne-1,3-diyl) which exemplify the group(C₂-C₆)-alkynediyl, cyclopropane-1,1-diyl, cyclopropane-1,2-diyl andcyclohexane-1,4-diyl which exemplify the group (C₃-C₇)-cycloalkanediyl,—CH₂—O— (methyleneoxy), —CH₂—CH₂—O— (ethane-1,2-diyloxy), —CH(CH₃)—O—(ethane-1,1-diyloxy), —C(CH₃)₂—O— (1-methylethane-1,1-diyloxy),—CH₂—CH₂—CH₂—O— (propane-1,3-diyloxy) and —CH₂—CH₂—CH₂—CH₂—O—(butane-1,4-diyloxy) which exemplify the group (C₁-C₆)-alkanediyloxy,all of which are optionally substituted as indicated. Thus, in oneembodiment X is chosen from —CH₂—O—, —CH₂—CH₂—O—, —CH(CH₃)—O— and—C(CH₃)₂—O—, in another embodiment from —CH₂—O—, —CH₂—CH₂—O— and—CH(CH₃)—O—, in another embodiment from —CH₂—O— and —CH(CH₃)—O—, and inanother embodiment X is —CH₂—O—, all of which are optionally substitutedas indicated, and in which the oxygen atom is bonded to the group Y. Inone embodiment, the number of substituents which are optionally presentin X, is 1, 2, 3 or 4, in another embodiment 1, 2 or 3, in anotherembodiment 1 or 2, in another embodiment 1, and in another embodimentthe group X is not substituted by substituents selected from the groupconsisting of fluorine and hydroxyl. In one embodiment, the number ofhydroxy substituents in X is not greater than 2, in another embodimentnot greater than 1. In one embodiment, no more than one hydroxysubstituent is present on an individual carbon atom in X. In oneembodiment, hydroxy substituents are not present on carbon atoms whichare part of a double bond in the group (C₂-C₆)-alkenediyl. In oneembodiment, hydroxy substituents are not present on the carbon atom inthe group (C₁-C₆)-alkanediyloxy which is bonded to the oxygen atom, inanother embodiment no substituents are present on the carbon atom in thegroup (C₁-C₆)-alkanediyloxy which is bonded to the oxygen atom, i.e. inthis latter embodiment all carbon atoms which are not linked to saidoxygen atom are optionally substituted by one or more identical ordifferent substituents chosen from fluoro and hydroxy. The double bondin the group (C₂-C₆)-alkenediyl can have E configuration or Zconfiguration. In one embodiment it has E configuration, in anotherembodiment it has Z configuration.

In one embodiment of the invention, the group R¹ is selected from thegroup consisting of hydrogen and (C₁-C₄)-alkyl, in another embodiment R¹is selected from hydrogen, methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, n-butyl andisopropyl, in another embodiment from hydrogen, methyl and ethyl, inanother embodiment R¹ is hydrogen, in another embodiment R¹ is(C₁-C₄)-alkyl, in another embodiment R¹ is methyl.

In one embodiment of the invention, the number of ring heteroatoms in anaromatic heterocycle representing Y is 1 or 2, in another embodiment itis 1. In one embodiment of the invention, Y is chosen from phenylene anda divalent residue of an aromatic, 6-membered monocyclic heterocyclewhich comprises 1, 2 or 3 ring nitrogen atoms, in another embodiment 1or 2 ring nitrogen atoms, in another embodiment 1 ring nitrogen atom,where one of the ring nitrogen atoms can carry a substituent R⁴ which isoxy, i.e. where one of the ring nitrogen atoms can be oxidized to theN-oxide, and where the phenylene and divalent residue of an aromaticheterocycle are optionally substituted on one or more ring carbon atomsby identical or different substituents R⁵. In another embodiment, Y isphenylene, where the phenylene is optionally substituted on one or morering atoms by identical or different substituents R⁵, and in anotherembodiment Y is pyridinediyl, where the ring nitrogen atom can carry asubstituent R⁴ which is oxy, i.e. where the ring nitrogen atom can beoxidized to the N-oxide, and where the pyridinediyl is optionallysubstituted on one or more ring carbon atoms by identical or differentsubstituents R⁵. In another embodiment, Y is a divalent residue of anaromatic 5-membered heterocycle which comprises 1, 2 or 3 identical ordifferent ring heteroatoms chosen from N, O and S, where one of the ringnitrogen atoms can carry a hydrogen atom or a substituent R⁴, and wherethe divalent residue of an aromatic heterocycle is optionallysubstituted on one or more ring carbon atoms by identical or differentsubstituents R⁵. In one embodiment, a divalent residue of an aromaticheterocyclic group representing Y is selected from the group consistingof furandiyl, thiophenediyl, oxazolediyl, thiazolediyl, pyridinediyl,pyridazinediyl, pyrimidinediyl and pyrazinediyl, in another embodimentfrom furandiyl, thiophenediyl, thiazolediyl, pyridinediyl,pyridazinediyl, pyrimidinediyl and pyrazinediyl, in another embodimentfrom furandiyl, thiophenediyl, pyridinediyl, pyridazinediyl,pyrimidinediyl and pyrazinediyl, in another embodiment from furandiyl,thiophenediyl, pyridinediyl and pyrimidinediyl, in another embodimentfrom furandiyl, thiophenediyl and pyridinediyl, all of which areoptionally substituted as indicated with respect to Y.

The ring carbon atoms via which the phenylene group and the divalentresidue of an aromatic heterocycle representing Y are bonded to theoxazolopyrimidine ring and to the group X, can be in any positions. Aphenylene group representing Y can be 1,2-phenylene, i.e. theoxazolopyrimidine ring and the group X can be bonded in 1,2-position, orortho position, with respect to each other, it can be 1,3-phenylene,i.e. the oxazolopyrimidine ring and the group X can be bonded in1,3-position, or meta position, with respect to each other, and it canbe 1,4-phenylene, i.e. the oxazolopyrimidine ring and the group X can bebonded in 1,4-position, or para position, with respect to each another.In one embodiment, a phenylene group representing Y is selected from thegroup consisting of 1,3-phenylene and 1,4-phenylene, in anotherembodiment it is 1,3-phenylene, and in another embodiment it is1,4-phenylene, all of which are optionally substituted as indicated withrespect to Y. In one embodiment, Y is selected from one or more of thegroups phenylene, furan-2,5-diyl, thiophene-2,4-diyl,thiophene-2,5-diyl, pyridine-2,4-diyl, pyridine-2,5-diyl,pyridine-3,5-diyl, pyridine-2,6-diyl and pyrimidine-2,5-diyl, in anotherembodiment from the groups furan-2,5-diyl, thiophene-2,4-diyl,thiophene-2,5-diyl, pyridine-2,4-diyl, pyridine-2,5-diyl,pyridine-3,5-diyl, pyridine-2,6-diyl and pyrimidine-2,5-diyl, in anotherembodiment from pyridine-2,4-diyl, pyridine-2,5-diyl, pyridine-3,5-diyland pyridine-2,6-diyl, in another embodiment from phenylene,pyridine-2,4-diyl, pyridine-2,5-diyl, pyridine-3,5-diyl andpyridine-2,6-diyl, all of which are optionally substituted as indicatedwith respect to Y. In one embodiment, the number of substituents R⁵which are optionally present on ring carbon atoms in Y, is 1, 2, 3, 4 or5, in another embodiment 1, 2, 3 or 4, in another embodiment 1, 2 or 3,in another embodiment 1 or 2, in another embodiment 1. Ring carbon atomsin Y which do not carry a substituent R⁵, carry a hydrogen atom.

In one embodiment of the invention, the substituents R⁵ which areoptionally present on the group Y, are selected from the groupconsisting of halogen, hydroxy, (C₁-C₄)-alkyl-,(C₃-C₅)-cycloalkyl-C_(z)H_(2z)—, (C₁-C₄)-alkyloxy-,(C₁-C₄)-alkyl-S(O)_(m)—, amino, nitro and cyano, in another embodimentfrom halogen, hydroxy, (C₁-C₄)-alkyl-, (C₃-C₅)-cycloalkyl-C_(z)H_(2z)—,(C₁-C₄)-alkyloxy-, amino and cyano, in another embodiment from halogen,hydroxy, (C₁-C₄)-alkyl-, (C₃-C₅)-cycloalkyl-C_(z)H_(2z)— and(C₁-C₄)-alkyloxy-, in another embodiment from fluorine, chlorine,hydroxy, (C₁-C₄)-alkyl- and (C₁-C₄)-alkyloxy-, in another embodimentfrom fluorine, chlorine and (C₁-C₄)-alkyl-, and in another embodimentthey are (C₁-C₄)-alkyl substituents, where z is selected from the groupconsisting of 0, 1 and 2.

In one embodiment, 1, 2 or 3 of the substituents R⁵, in anotherembodiment 1 or 2 of the substituents R⁵, and in another embodiment 1 ofthe substituents R⁵, which are optionally present on the group Y, aredefined as in the general definition of R⁵ and thus are chosen fromhalogen, hydroxy, (C₁-C₄)-alkyl-, (C₃-C₅)-cycloalkyl-C_(z)H_(2z)—,(C₁-C₄)-alkyloxy-, (C₁-C₄)-alkyl-S(O)_(m)—, amino, nitro, cyano,hydroxycarbonyl, (C₁-C₄)-alkyloxycarbonyl, aminocarbonyl andaminosulfonyl, and any further substituents R⁵ which are optionallypresent on the group Y, for example 1, 2 or 3 further substituents R⁵,or 1 or 2 further substituents R⁵, or 1 further substituent R⁵, arechosen from halogen, hydroxy, (C₁-C₄)-alkyloxy-,(C₁-C₄)-alkyl-S(O)_(m)—, amino, nitro and cyano, where all alkyl groupsindependently of each other are optionally substituted by one or morefluorine substituents as generally applies to alkyl groups. In oneembodiment, said substituents R⁵ which are optionally present on thegroup Y and which in the aforementioned embodiment are defined as in thegeneral definition of R⁵, for example 1 or 2 such substituents R⁵, or 1such substituent R⁵, are chosen from halogen, hydroxy,(C₃-C₅)-cycloalkyl-C_(z)H_(2z)—, (C₁-C₄)-alkyloxy-,(C₁-C₄)-alkyl-S(O)_(m)—, amino and cyano. In one embodiment, saidsubstituents R⁵ which are optionally present on the group Y and which inthe aforementioned embodiment are defined as in the general definitionof R⁵, for example 1 or 2 such substituents R⁵, or 1 such substituentR⁵, are not located on ring carbon atoms within the group Y which areadjacent to the atom via which the group Y is bonded to theoxazolopyrimidine ring depicted in formula I. In one embodiment, saidfurther substituents R⁵ which are optionally present on the group Y, forexample 1, 2 or 3 further substituents R⁵, or 1 or 2 furthersubstituents R⁵, or 1 further substituent R⁵, are chosen from halogen,hydroxy, (C₁-C₄)-alkyl-, (C₃-C₅)-cycloalkyl-C_(z)H_(2z)—,(C₁-C₄)-alkyloxy-, amino, cyano, in another embodiment from halogen,hydroxy, (C₁-C₄)-alkyl- and (C₁-C₄)-alkyloxy-, in another embodimentfrom halogen, (C₁-C₄)-alkyl- and (C₁-C₄)-alkyloxy-, in anotherembodiment from halogen and (C₁-C₄)-alkyl-, where in all theseembodiments all alkyl groups independently of each other are optionallysubstituted by one or more fluorine substituents.

In one embodiment of the invention, the number z is selected from thegroup consisting of 0 and 1, in another embodiment it is 0, in anotherembodiment it is 1.

The invention provides all compounds of the formula I wherein any one ormore structural elements such as groups, substituents and numbers aredefined as in any of the specified embodiments or definitions of theelements or have any one or more of the specific meanings which arementioned herein as examples of elements, wherein all combinations ofone or more specified embodiments and/or definitions and/or specificmeanings of the elements are a subject of the present invention. Alsowith respect to all such compounds of the formula I, all theirstereoisomeric forms and mixtures of stereoisomeric forms in any ratio,and their physiologically acceptable salts, and the physiologicallyacceptable solvates of any of them, are a subject of the presentinvention.

A further embodiment relates to compounds of the formula I in which oneor more radicals have the following meanings:

X is (C₁-C₆)-alkanediyloxy, where the oxygen atom of the(C₁-C₆)-alkanediyloxy group is attached to the group Y;

Y is phenylene, where the phenylene is optionally substituted at one ormore ring carbon atoms by identical or different substituents R⁵;

R¹ is hydrogen or (C₁-C₄)-alkyl;

R² and R³ independently of one another are selected from the groupconsisting of H, halogen, hydroxyl, (C₁-C₄)-alkyl-, (C₁-C₄)-alkyloxy,(C₁-C₄)-alkyl-S(O)_(m)—, amino, nitro, cyano, hydroxycarbonyl,(C₁-C₄)-alkyloxycarbonyl, aminocarbonyl and aminosulfonyl,(C₃-C₇)-cycloalkyl-C_(w)H_(2w)— and oxy, where w is selected from thegroup consisting of 0, 1 and 2;

R⁵ is selected from the group consisting of halogen, hydroxyl,(C₁-C₄)-alkyl-, (C₃-C₅)-cycloalkyl-C_(z)H_(2z)—, (C₁-C₄)-alkyloxy,(C₁-C₄)-alkyl-S(O)_(m)—, amino, nitro, cyano, hydroxycarbonyl,(C₁-C₄)-alkyloxycarbonyl, aminocarbonyl and aminosulfonyl, where z isselected from the group consisting of 0, 1 and 2;

m is selected from the group consisting of 0, 1 and 2.

A further embodiment relates to compounds of the formula I in which oneor more radicals have the following meanings:

X is (C₁-C₆)-alkanediyloxy, where the oxygen atom of the(C₁-C₆)-alkanediyloxy group is attached to the group Y;

Y is phenylene, where the phenylene is optionally substituted at one ormore ring carbon atoms by identical or different substituents R⁵;

R¹ is hydrogen or (C₁-C₄)-alkyl;

R² and R³ independently of one another are selected from the groupconsisting of H, halogen, hydroxyl, (C₁-C₄)-alkyl-, (C₁-C₄)-alkyloxy,(C₁-C₄)-alkyl-S(O)_(m)—, amino, nitro, cyano, hydroxycarbonyl,(C₁-C₄)-alkyloxycarbonyl, aminocarbonyl and aminosulfonyl,(C₃-C₇)-cycloalkyl-C_(w)H_(2w)— and oxy, where w is selected from thegroup consisting of 0, 1 and 2;

R⁵ is (C₁-C₄)-alkyl;

m is selected from the group consisting of 0, 1 and 2.

A further embodiment relates to compounds of the formula I in which oneor more radicals have the following meanings:

X is —(CH₂)—O—, where —O— is attached to the group Y;

Y is phenylene, where the phenylene is optionally substituted at one ormore ring carbon atoms by identical or different substituents R⁵;

R¹ is hydrogen;

R² and R³ independently of one another are selected from the groupconsisting of H, halogen;

R⁵ is (C₁-C₄)-alkyl.

Likewise, also with respect to all specific compounds disclosed herein,such as the example compounds which represent embodiments of theinvention wherein the various groups and numbers in the generaldefinition of the compounds of the formula I have the specific meaningspresent in the respective specific compound, it applies that they are asubject of the present invention in any of their stereoisomeric formsand or a mixture of stereoisomeric forms in any ratio, and in the formof their physiologically acceptable salts, and in the form of thephysiologically acceptable solvates of such compounds or such salts.Irrespective of whether a specific compound is disclosed herein as afree compound and/or as a specific salt, the invention provides thecompound both in the form of the free compound and in the form of allits physiologically acceptable salts, and if a specific salt isdisclosed, additionally in the form of this specific salt, and in theform of the physiologically acceptable solvates of such a compound orsuch salts. Thus, the invention also provides a compound of the formulaI which is chosen from any one or more of the specific compounds of theformula I disclosed herein, including the example compounds specifiedbelow, and the physiologically acceptable salts thereof, and thephysiologically acceptable solvates of such a compound or such salts,wherein the invention provides the compound of the formula I in any ofits stereoisomeric forms or a mixture of stereoisomeric forms in anyratio, if applicable. An example which may be mentioned is a compound ofthe formula I or a physiologically acceptable solvate thereof, e.g.{4-[(6-(2-fluorophenoxy)oxazolo[4,5-c]pyridin-2-yl]-2,6-dimethylphenoxy}acetic acid.

Another subject of the present invention are processes for thepreparation of the compounds of the formula I and their salts andsolvates, by which the compounds are obtainable and which are outlinedin the following.

In one process, a compound of the formula II is reacted with a compoundof the formula III to give a compound of the formula I

where the groups X, Y, R¹, R² and R³ in the compounds of the formulae IIand III are defined as in the compounds of the formula I andadditionally functional groups can be present in protected form or inthe form of a precursor group which is later converted into the finalgroup. The group L¹ in the compounds of the formula II is a leavinggroup which can be replaced in an optionally catalyzed nucleophilicaromatic substitution reaction, such as a halogen atom, for examplefluorine, chlorine or bromine, or a sulfone group, for example a groupof the formula —S(O)₂-Alk where Alk is a (C₁-C₄)-alkyl group, forexample methyl or ethyl.

The reaction of the compounds of the formulae II and III is anoptionally catalyzed nucleophilic aromatic substitution reaction at thecarbon atom in position 6 of the oxazolo[4,5-c]pyridine ring, i.e. inthe pyridine grouping, and can be carried out under standard conditionsfor such reactions, which are well known to the person skilled in theart. The reaction can also be carried out in the presence of catalystsystems, for example sodium tolylsulfinate or copper or palladium saltsor complexes. In general, the reaction is, depending on the particularcircumstances of the case in question, carried out in an inert solvent,for example a hydrocarbon or a chlorinated hydrocarbon such as benzene,toluene, xylene, chlorobenzene, dichloromethan, chloroform ordichloroethane, an ether such as tetrahydrofuran (THF), dioxane, dibutylether, diisopropyl ether or 1,2-dimethoxyethane (DME), a ketone such asacetone or butan-2-one, an ester such as ethyl acetate or butyl acetate,a nitrile such as acetonitrile, an amine such as N,N-dimethylformamide(DMF), N,N-dimethylacetamide (DMA) or N-methylpyrrolidin-2-one (NMP), ora mixture of solvents, at temperatures of from about 20° C. to about250° C., for example at temperatures of from about 40° C. to about 200°C. In general, it is favorable to add a base to increase the reactivity,for example a tertiary amine, such as triethylamine,ethyldiisopropylamine or N-methylmorpholine, or an inorganic base suchas an alkaline earth metal hydride, hydroxide, carbonate or bicarbonatesuch as sodium hydride, sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, sodiumcarbonate, potassium carbonate, cesium carbonate or sodium bicarbonateor an alkoxide or amide such as sodium methoxide, sodium ethoxide,potassium methoxide, potassium tert-butoxide, sodium amide or lithiumdiisopropylamide. Prior to the reaction with the compound of the formulaII, a compound of the formula III may also separately be treated with abase and converted into a salt. If the reaction is carried out in thepresence of a catalyst system, it is possible to employ catalysts whichmay comprise a metal ion or a metal in oxidation state 0; preference isgiven to using noble metals or noble metal salts, among these, in turn,preference is given to palladium and copper. The catalysis frequentlyrequires the presence of certain metal-complexing ligands which enablethe formation of a catalytically active species in the first place orstabilize it. Metal/ligand complexes may be added to the reaction or beformed in situ. Such catalyst systems may comprise, for example, copperor copper(I) salts, especially copper(I) halides or copper(I)carboxylates, in particular copper(I) iodide or copper(I)thiophenecarboxylate, or else pre-formed copper(I) complexes, forexample tetrakis(acetonitrile)copper(I) hexafluorophoshate, alone or inthe presence of ligands, for example diamine ligands or1,10-phenanthroline. Furthermore, such catalyst systems may consist ofor be formed by palladium complexes or palladium salts in the presenceof ligands, for example from palladium(0) complexes, in particulartris(dibenzylideneacetone)dipalladium(0), or palladium acetate,palladium trifluoroacetate or palladium halides, in particular palladiumchloride, in the presence of ligands, in particular diphosphine ligandssuch as, for example, 2,2′-bis(diphenylphosphino)-1-1′-binaphthyl or4,5-bis(diphenylphosphino)-9,9-dimethylxanthene or pre-formed complexessuch as bis(tri-tert-butylphosphine)palladium(0). Furthermore, it ispossible to use simple catalysts; for example, the nucleophilic aromaticsubstitution of 2-pyridine halides, in particular chlorides, can becatalyzed by substituted alkali metal or alkaline earth metalbenzenesulfinate, in particular by sodium tolylsulfinate.

The starting materials of the formulae II and III can be obtained byprocesses described in the literature or analogously to processesdescribed in the literature, and in many cases they are commerciallyavailable. The compounds of the formula II can be obtained, for example,by reacting a 3-aminopyrimidine derivative of the formula IV with anactivated carboxylic acid derivative of the formula V to give a compoundof the formula VI, cyclizing the latter compound with formation of theoxazolo[4,5-c]pyridine ring system to give a compound of the formulaVII, and introducing the grouping R¹O—C(O)—X— into the compound of theformula VII by reaction with a compound of the formula VIII to give acompound of the formula IX which, depending on the meaning of R′ and L¹,may already be a compound of the formula II, and optionally modifyingthe group R′ in the compound of the formula IX, giving compounds of theformula II.

The groups X, Y and R¹ in the compounds of the formulae II, V, VI, VII,VIII and IX are defined as in the compounds of the formula I, andadditionally functional groups can be present in protected form or inthe form of a precursor group which is later converted into the finalgroup. The group X^(a) in the compounds of the formula VIII is definedlike the group X in the compounds of the formula I or comprises a partof the group X in the desired compound of the formula II, such thatafter the reaction of the compounds of the formulae VII and VIII thegroup X^(a) and any parts of the groups FG¹ and FG² remaining in thecompound of the formula IX together form the desired group X. Thus, forexample, in the case that group X is an alkanediyloxy group, the groupX^(a) in the compound of the formula VIII may be the desiredalkanediyloxy group and the group FG² may be a hydrogen atom attached tothe oxygen atom, or the group X^(a) may be the alkanediyl moiety, thegroup FG² is a leaving group and the group FG¹ in the compound of theformula VII is a hydroxyl group whose oxygen atom together with thealkanediyl moiety then, after the alkylation of the compound of theformula VII with the compound of the formula VIII, forms the desiredalkanediyloxy group.

The groups FG¹ and FG² in the compounds of the formulae V, VI, VII andVIII are functional groups which are suitable for the type of couplingused for the formation of the desired group X from the group X^(a) andany part of groups FG¹ and FG² remaining in the compound of the formulaIX. If, for example, the group X^(a) is attached via a nucleophilicsubstitution reaction to the group Y or to an atom in the group FG¹,like an oxygen atom in a hydroxyl group representing FG¹, as mentionedabove, FG² may be a leaving group such as a halogen atom such aschlorine, bromine or iodine, or a sulfonyloxy group such asmethanesulfonyloxy, trifluoromethanesulfonyloxy or toluenesulfonyloxy.In general, the group FG¹ is located at the carbon atom in the phenylenegroup or heterocyclic group which represents Y, which, in the compoundsof the formulae IX, II and I, carries the group X. The group FG¹ in thecompounds of the formulae V, VI and VII may also be present in protectedform or in the form of a precursor group which is at a later pointconverted into the group which in the compound of the formula VII reactswith the compound of the formula VIII. Thus, for example, a hydroxylgroup which represents FG¹ in the compound of the formula VII may bepresent in protected form in the compounds of the formulae V and VI, forexample in the form of an etherified hydroxyl group such as a benzylether or an alkyl ether such as a methyl ether. Such ethers can becleaved using methods which are well-known to the person skilled in theart. A summary of methods to remove protective groups can be found inthe literature, for example in P. J. Kocienski, Protecting Groups(Thieme Verlag, 1994), or T. W. Greene and P. G. M. Wuts, ProtectiveGroups in Organic Synthesis (John Wiley & Sons, 1999).

The group L¹ in the compound II is defined as described above.

The group L² in the compounds of the formula V is a nucleophilicallysubstitutable leaving group and may in particular be a halogen atom,such as chlorine or bromine, and the compound of the formula V may thusbe a carbonyl halide. L² may also be a group of the formulaFG¹-Y—C(O)—O, and the compound of the formula V may thus be a carboxylicanhydride, for example.

The group R′ in the compounds of the formulae IV, VI, VII and IX may bea hydroxyl group or a halogen atom, such as chlorine and bromine.

Compounds encountered in the synthesis of the compounds of the formulaI, such as the compound of the formula IV, may also be present inanother tautomeric form, for example in the keto form, provided thegroups R′ in the compound of the formula IV are hydroxyl groups.Compounds encountered in the synthesis of the compounds of the formula Iincluding starting materials, intermediates and products, may also beemployed or obtained in the form of a salt.

The reaction of the compounds of the formulae IV and V can be carriedout under standard conditions for the acylation of an amine with anactivated carboxylic acid derivative such as an acid halide oranhydride. In general, the reaction is carried out in an inert solvent,for example a hydrocarbon or a chlorinated hydrocarbon such as benzene,toluene, xylene, chlorobenzene, dichloromethane, chloroform ordichloroethane, an ether such as THF, dioxane, dibutyl ether,diisopropyl ether or DME, a ketone such as acetone or butan-2-one, anester such as ethyl acetate or butyl acetate, or water, or a mixture ofsolvents, at temperatures of from about −10° C. to about 40° C., forexample at temperatures of from about 0° C. to about 30° C. In general,the reaction is carried out with addition of a base, for example atertiary amine, such as triethylamine, ethyldiisopropylamine orN-methylmorpholine or an inorganic base such as an alkali metalhydroxide, carbonate or bicarbonate such as sodium hydroxide, potassiumhydroxide, sodium carbonate, potassium carbonate or sodium bicarbonate.The reaction of the compounds of the formulae VI and VII is generallycarried out in an inert solvent, for example an alcohol such asmethanol, ethanol or isopropanol, or an ether such as THF, dioxane orDME, or a mixture of solvents, at temperatures of from about 20° C. toabout 80° C., for example temperatures of about 40° C. to about 80° C.,in the presence of a base, for example an alkoxide such as sodiummethoxide, sodium ethoxide, potassium methoxide or potassiumtert-butoxide.

If the group R′ in the compound of the formula VI is hydroxyl, thecyclization of the compound of the formula VI to the compound of theformula VII can favorably be carried out in the presence of ahalogenating agent such as a phosphorus halide; such as phosphoruspentachloride or phosphorus oxychloride or a mixture thereof, in aninert solvent, for example a hydrocarbon or a chlorinated hydrocarbonsuch as benzene, toluene, xylene, chlorobenzene, dichloromethane,chloroform or dichloroethane, at temperatures of from about 20° C. toabout 100° C., for example at temperatures of from about 50° C. to about80° C. If the group R′ in the compound of the formula VI is halogen suchas chlorine, the cyclization of the compound of the formula VI to thecompound of the formula VII can be carried out thermally, for example byheating the compound of the formula VI in an inert solvent such as ahydrocarbon or a chlorinated hydrocarbon, for example toluene, xylene orchlorobenzene or an amide, for example DMF, DMA or NMP, or a nitrile,for example acetonitrile, at temperatures of from about 100° C. to about200° C., for example at temperatures of from about 120° C. to about 180°C., optionally under pressure and optionally in the presence of a basesuch as a tertiary amine, for example triethylamine,ethyldiisopropylamine or N-methylmorpholine, or an inorganic base, forexample an alkali metal hydroxide, carbonate or bicarbonate such assodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide or sodium carbonate, potassiumcarbonate or sodium bicarbonate. Expediently, the thermal cyclizationcan be carried out in a microwave reactor. This cyclization can also becarried out in the presence of catalysts. If the reaction is carried outin the presence of a catalyst system, it is possible to employ catalystswhich may comprise a metal ion or a metal in oxidation state 0;preference is given to using noble metals or noble metal salts, amongthese, in turn, preference is given to palladium and copper. Thecatalysis frequently requires the presence of certain metal-complexingligands which enable the formation of a catalytically active species inthe first place or stabilize it. Metal/ligand complexes may be added tothe reaction or be formed in situ. Such catalyst systems may comprise,for example, copper or copper(I) salts, especially copper(I) halides orcopper(I) carboxylates, in particular copper(I) iodide or copper(I)thiophenecarboxylate, or else pre-formed copper(I) complexes, forexample tetrakis(acetonitrile)copper(I) hexafluorophoshate, alone or inthe presence of ligands, for example diamine ligands or1,10-phenanthroline. Furthermore, such catalyst systems may consist ofor be formed by palladium complexes or palladium salts in the presenceof ligands, for example from palladium(0) complexes, in particulartris(dibenzylideneacetone)dipalladium(0), or palladium acetate,palladium trifluoroacetate or palladium halides, in particular palladiumchloride, in the presence of ligands, in particular diphosphine ligandssuch as, for example, 2,2′-bis(diphenylphosphino)-1-1′-binaphthyl or4,5-bis(diphenylphosphino)-9,9-dimethylxanthene or pre-formed complexessuch as bis(tri-tert-butylphosphine)palladium(0). Furthermore, it ispossible to use simple catalysts; for example, the nucleophilic aromaticsubstitution of 2-pyridine halides, in particular chlorides, can becatalyzed by substituted alkali metal or alkaline earth metalbenzenesulfinate, in particular by sodium tolylsulfinate.

The coupling of compounds of the formula VIII with compounds of theformula VII can be carried out using reactions of various types, asalready mentioned above, for example via an alkylation reaction. Thus,the group Y can, for example when it carries a hydroxyl group whichrepresents FG¹, be alkylated using a compound of the formula VIII inwhich FG² is a leaving group suitable for nucleophilic substitutionreactions such as a halogen atom such as chlorine, bromine or iodine, ora sulfonyloxy group such as methanesulfonyloxy or toluenesulfonyloxy.The nucleophilic substitution reaction at the carbon atom of thecompound of the formula VIII which carries the group FG² can be carriedout under standard conditions for such reactions, which are well-knownto the person skilled in the art. In general, the reaction is, dependingon the particular circumstances of the case in question, carried out inan inert solvent, for example a hydrocarbon or a chlorinated hydrocarbonsuch as benzene, toluene, xylene, chlorobenzene, dichloromethane,chloroform or dichloroethane, an ether such as THF, dioxane, dibutylether, diisopropyl ether or DME, an alcohol such as methanol, ethanol orisopropanol, a ketone such as acetone or butan-2-one, an ester such asethyl acetate or butyl acetate, a nitrile such as acetonitrile, an amidesuch as N,N-dimethylformamide or N-methylpyrrolidin-2-one, or a mixtureof solvents, at temperatures of from about 20° C. to about 100° C., forexample at temperatures of from about 40° C. to about 80° C. In general,it is favorable to add a base to increase the nucleophilicity of thecompound of the formula XIII and/or to bind an acid released during thereaction, for example a tertiary amine, such as triethylamine,ethyldiisopropylamine or N-methylmorpholine, or an inorganic base suchas an alkali metal hydride, hydroxide, carbonate or bicarbonate such assodium hydride, sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, sodium carbonate,potassium carbonate, cesium carbonate or sodium bicarbonate or analkoxide or amide such as sodium methoxide, sodium ethoxide, potassiummethoxide, potassium tert-butoxide, sodium amide or lithiumdiisopropylamide. Prior to the reaction with the compound of the formulaVIII, a compound of the formula VII in which FG¹ is hydroxyl may alsoseparately be treated with a base and converted into a salt. A compoundof the formula VII in which FG¹ is hydroxyl may be converted into acompound of the formula IX not only by reaction with a compound of theformula VIII in which FG² is a leaving group as indicated, but also byreaction with the corresponding alcohol, i.e. a compound of the formulaVIII in which FG² is hydroxyl, under the conditions of the Mitsunobureaction in the presence of an azodicarboxylate such as diethylazodicarboxylate or diisopropyl azodicarboxylate and a phosphine such astriphenylphosphine or tributylphosphine in an inert aprotic solvent, forexample an ether such as THF or dioxane (see O. Mitsunobu, Synthesis(1981), 1-28). The coupling of compounds of the formula VIII withcompounds of the formula VII via a transition metal-catalyzed reactioncan also be carried out under the conditions of palladium-catalyzedcrosscoupling reactions such as the Heck, Stille or Suzuki couplingreaction (see A. de Meijere and F. Diederich (Ed.), Metal-CatalyzedCross-Coupling Reactions (Wiley-VCH, 2004)).

The compound of the formula IX may already be a compound of the formulaII and be employed in the reaction with the compound of the formula IIIif it is obtained from a compound of the formula VI in which R′ ishalogen, such as chlorine, and the halogen atom in the cyclizationproduct has not been replaced during the course of the synthesis, forexample by a hydroxyl group during work-up, or if it has been obtainedfrom a compound of the formula VI in which R′ is hydroxyl, andsimultaneously with the cyclization the second hydroxyl group in thecompound of the formula VI or VII is halogenated, for example replacedby a chlorine atom, as may be the case during a cyclization with the aidof a phosphorus halide or phosphorus oxyhalide. If R′ in the compound ofthe formula IX is a hydroxyl group, a compound of the formula IX can beconverted under standard conditions into a compound of the formula II inwhich L¹ is a halogen atom such as, for example, a chlorine, for exampleby treatment with a halogenating agent such as a phosphorus halide or aphosphorus oxyhalide. Depending on the specific case, such as thereactivity of the specific compound of the formula III to be reactedwith the compound of the formula II, it may also be advantageous tomodify the group R′ in a compound of the formula IX, even if it alreadyis a leaving group. Thus, for example, a compound of the formula IX, inwhich R′ is halogen, such as chlorine, may be converted by treatmentwith an alkanesulfinic acid of the formula Alk-S(O)—OH in which Alk is(C₁-C₄)-alkyl into a compound of the formula II in which L¹ is the group—S(O)₂-Alk. Such a reaction is generally carried out in the presence ofa base such as an alkali metal hydride, hydroxide, carbonate orbicarbonate such as sodium hydride, sodium hydroxide, potassiumhydroxide, sodium carbonate, potassium carbonate, cesium carbonate orsodium bicarbonate, in an inert solvent such as a hydrocarbon such asbenzene, toluene, xylene or chlorobenzene, an ether such as THF,dioxane, dibutyl ether, diisopropyl ether or DME, an amide such as DMFor NMP, or a mixture of solvents at temperatures of from about 20° C. toabout 250° C., for example at temperatures of from about 80° C. to about200° C. Prior to the reaction with the compound of the formula IX, analkanesulfinic acid may also separately be treated with a base andconverted into a salt.

The order of the steps in the preparation of the compounds of theformula I can also be changed, and, for example, the compound of theformula VIIIa can be reacted with a compound of the formula III to givea compound of the formula X, and the product X obtained can be reactedwith a compound of the formula VIII to give a compound of the formula I,

where the groups X, Y, R¹, R² and R³ in the compounds of the formulaeIII, Vila, VIII and X are defined as in the compounds of the formula Iand additionally functional groups may be present in protected form orin the form of a precursor group which at a later point is convertedinto the final group, where the group R′ is a halogen such as, forexample, chlorine or bromine, and where the groups X^(a), FG¹ and FG² inthe compounds of the formulae VIIIa, VIII and X are as defined above.

The above statements concerning the reaction of the compounds of theformulae II and III and the reaction of the compounds of the formulaeVII and VIII apply correspondingly to corresponding reaction steps insuch a synthesis of the compounds of the formula I.

Further compounds of the formula I can be obtained from suitablecompounds prepared according to the above-described processes byfunctionalization or modification of any functional groups presentaccording to standard procedures, for example by esterification,amidation, hydrolysis, etherification, alkylation, acylation,sulfonylation, reduction, oxidation, conversion into salts, and others.For example, a hydroxyl group, which may be liberated from an ethergroup by ether cleavage, for example by means of boron tribromide, orfrom a protected hydroxyl group by deprotection, can be esterified togive a carboxylic acid ester or a sulfonic acid ester, or etherified.Etherifications of hydroxyl groups can favorably be performed byalkylation with the respective halogen compound, for example a bromideor iodide, in the presence of a base, for example an alkaline metalcarbonate such as potassium carbonate or cesium carbonate, in an inertsolvent, for example an amide like DMF or NMP or a ketone like acetoneor butan-2-one, or with the respective alcohol under the conditions ofthe Mitsunobu reaction referred to above. A hydroxyl group can beconverted into a halide by treatment with a halogenating agent. Ahalogen atom can be replaced with a variety of groups in a substitutionreaction which may also be a transition-metal catalyzed reaction. Anitro group can be reduced to an amino group, for example by catalytichydrogenation. An amino group can be modified under standard conditionsfor alkylation, for example by reaction with a halogen compound or byreductive amination of a carbonyl compound, or for acylation orsulfonylation, for example by reaction with a reactive carboxylic acidderivative, like an acid chloride or anhydride or a sulfonic acidchloride, or with an activated carboxylic acid which may be obtainedfrom the carboxylic acid by treatment with a coupling agent likeN,N′-carbonyldiimidazole (CD), a carbodiimide such as1,3-dicyclohexylcarbodiimide (DCC) or1-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)-3-ethylcarbodiimide hydrochloride (EDC),O-(7-azabenzotriazol-1-yl)-N,N,N′,N′-tetramethyluroniumhexafluorophosphate (HATU),O-(cyano(ethoxycarbonyl)methyleneamino)-N,N,N′,N′-tetramethyluroniumtetrafluoroborate (TOTU) or[(benzotriazol-1-yloxy)dimethylaminomethylene]dimethylammoniumtetrafluoroborate (TBTU), for example. A carboxylic ester group can behydrolyzed under acidic or basic conditions to give a carboxylic acid. Acarboxylic acid group can be activated or converted into a reactivederivative as mentioned above and reacted with an alcohol or an amine orammonia to give an ester or amide. A primary amide can be dehydrated togive a nitrile. A sulfur atom, for example in an alkyl-S group or in aheterocyclic ring, can be oxidized with a peroxide like hydrogenperoxide or a peracid to give a sulfoxide moiety S(O) or a sulfonemoiety S(O)₂. A carboxylic acid group, a carboxylic acid ester group anda ketone group can be reduced to an alcohol, for example by means of acomplex hydride such as lithium aluminum hydride, lithium borohydride orsodium borohydride. A compound of the formula I or an intermediate suchas a compound of the formula II or IX, which contains a double bond or atriple bond in the group X, which can be readily obtained via atransition metal-catalyzed coupling reaction from a compound of theformula VIII containing a double or triple bond in the group X^(a) and acompound of the formula VII as outlined above, can be converted into acompound in which X is a saturated group, by hydrogenation in thepresence of hydrogenation catalyst such as a palladium catalyst.

All reactions used in the above-described syntheses of the compounds ofthe formula I are per se well known to the skilled person and can becarried out under standard conditions according to, or analogously to,procedures described in the literature, for example in Houben-Weyl,Methoden der Organischen Chemie (Methods of Organic Chemistry),Thieme-Verlag, Stuttgart, or Organic Reactions, John Wiley & Sons, NewYork. If desired, the obtained compounds of the formula I, as well asany intermediate compounds, can be purified by customary purificationprocedures, for example by recrystallization or chromatography. Asalready mentioned, all starting compounds and intermediates employed inthe above-described syntheses which contain an acidic or basic group,can also be employed in the form of salts, and all intermediates andfinal target compounds can also be obtained in the form of salts. Aslikewise mentioned above, depending on the circumstances of the specificcase, in order to avoid an unwanted course of a reaction or sidereactions during the synthesis of a compound it can generally benecessary or advantageous to temporarily block functional groups byintroducing protective groups and deprotect them at a later stage of thesynthesis, or to introduce functional groups in the form of precursorgroups which later are converted into the desired functional groups. Asexamples of protective groups amino-protective groups may be mentionedwhich can be acyl groups or alkyloxycarbonyl groups, for example atert-butyloxycarbonyl group (=Boc) which can be removed by treatmentwith trifluoroacetic acid (=TFA), a benzyloxycarbonyl group which can beremoved by catalytic hydrogenation, or a fluoren-9-ylmethoxycarbonylgroup which can be removed by treatment with piperidine, and protectivegroups of carboxylic acid groups which can be protected as ester groups,such as tert-butyl esters which can be deprotected by treatment withtrifluoroacetic acid, or benzyl esters which can be deprotected bycatalytic hydrogenation. As an example of a precursor group the nitrogroup, which can be converted into an amino group by reduction, forexample by catalytic hydrogenation, may be mentioned. Such synthesisstrategies, and protective groups and precursor groups which aresuitable in a specific case, are known to the skilled person.

Another subject of the present invention are the novel startingcompounds and intermediates occurring in the synthesis of the compoundsof the formula I, including the compounds of the formulae II, III, IV,V, VI, VII, VIII, IX and X in which X, X^(a), Y, R¹, R², R³, R′, FG¹,FG², L¹ and L² are defined as above, in any of their stereoisomericforms or a mixture of stereoisomeric forms in any ratio, and theirsalts, and solvates of any of such compounds or such salts, and theiruse as intermediates. The invention also includes all tautomeric formsof said intermediates and starting compounds. All explanations givenabove and embodiments specified above with respect to the compounds ofthe formula I also apply correspondingly to said intermediates andstarting materials. Subject of the invention are in particular the novelspecific starting compounds and intermediates disclosed herein.Independently thereof whether they are disclosed as a free compoundand/or as a specific salt, they are a subject of the invention both inthe form of the free compounds and in the form of their salts, and if aspecific salt is disclosed, additionally in the form of this specificsalt, and in the form of solvates of such compounds or such salts.

The compounds of the formula I, optionally in combination with otherpharmacologically active compounds, can be administered to animals, inparticular to mammals including humans, as pharmaceuticals bythemselves, in mixtures with one another, or in the form ofpharmaceutical compositions. The administration can be carried outorally, for example in the form of tablets, film-coated tablets,sugar-coated tablets, granules, hard and soft gelatin capsules,solutions including aqueous, alcoholic and oily solutions, juices,drops, syrups, emulsions or suspensions, rectally, for example in theform of suppositories, or parenterally, for example in the form ofsolutions for subcutaneous, intramuscular or intravenous injection orinfusion, in particular aqueous solutions. The compounds of the formulaI can additionally be used in modes of local drug delivery, for examplein coated stents for preventing or reducing in-stent restenosis or byapplying them locally by means of a catheter. The appropriateadministration form depends, among others, on the disease to be treatedand on its severity.

The compounds of the formula I can also be administered topically.Pharmaceutical compositions suitable for topical use on the skin are inthe form of ointment, cream, lotion, paste, gel, hydrogel, spray,aerosol or oil. Carriers which can be used are petrolatum, lanolin,polyethylene glycols, alcohols and combinations of two or more of thesesubstances. The active ingredient is generally present in aconcentration of 0.0001 to 15% by weight of the composition, for example0.0005 to 2%.

In one embodiment, the topical preparation is present as a gel.

In a further embodiment, the topical preparation is present as ahydrogel.

A hydrogel is understood as meaning a polymer which comprises, but isinsoluble in, water, and whose molecules are linked chemically, forexample by covalent or ionic bonds, or physically, for example by loopformation of the polymer chains, to form a three-dimensional network.Owing to incorporated hydrophilic polymer components, they swell inwater with a considerable increase in volume, but without losing theirmaterial hold. A hydrogel consists, for example, of a hydrophilicsolvent (for example water), a moisturizer (for example glycerol) and agel former (for example croscarmellose-sodium).

The examples below show suitable gel preparations:

PREPARATION EXAMPLE 1

Compound of example 1 0.0004% Glycerol 85%     10% Methylparaben    0.2%Propylparaben  0.03% Croscarmellose-sodium    4% HCl/NaOH qs (to adjustthe pH to 7.5) Water ad 100%

PREPARATION EXAMPLE 2

Compound of example 1 0.04% Glycerol 85%  10% Methylparaben  0.2%Propylparaben 0.03% Croscarmellose-sodium   4% HCl/NaOH qs (to adjustthe pH to 7.5) Water ad 100% 

PREPARATION EXAMPLE 3

Compound of example 1 0.0004% PEG400     10% Methylparaben    0.2%Propylparaben  0.03% Croscarmellose-sodium    4% HCl/NaOH qs (to adjustthe pH to 7.5) Water ad 100%

PREPARATION EXAMPLE 4

Compound of example 1 0.04% PEG400  10% Methylparaben  0.2%Propylparaben 0.03% Croscarmellose-sodium   4% HCl/NaOH qs (to adjustthe pH to 7.5) Water ad 100% 

The hydrogels are preparations for dermal application The hydrogels canbe applied to open wound regions. The hydrogels comprise the medicamentin dissolved form, thus ensuring rapid skin and tissue penetration.

An aseptic preparation process ensures that no additionalmicrobiological contaminations enter the wound as a result of theapplication of the medicament. In one embodiment, preservatives (methyl-and propylparaben) are additionally incorporated into the hydrogel tokeep the pathogen load low.

In one embodiment, the hydrogel comprises the compounds of the formula Iin concentrations of 0.04-0.0004% (m/m).

The aseptic hydrogel is stored in suitable sterile containers. In oneembodiment, the hydrogel is stored in sterile containers made ofpolypropylene.

The amount of a compound of the formula I and/or its physiologicallyacceptable salts and/or solvates present in the pharmaceuticalcompositions normally ranges from about 0.2 to about 800 mg, for examplefrom about 0.5 to about 500 mg, for example from about 1 to about 200mg, per unit dose, but depending on the type of the pharmaceuticalcomposition it may also be higher. The pharmaceutical compositionsusually comprise from about 0.5 to about 90 percent by weight of thecompound of the formula I and/or its physiologically acceptable saltsand/or solvates. The production of the pharmaceutical compositions canbe carried out in a manner known per se. To this end, one or morecompounds of the formula I and/or their physiologically acceptable saltsand/or solvates together with one or more solid or liquid pharmaceuticalcarrier substances, or vehicles, and/or additives, or auxiliarysubstances, and, if a combination medicament is desired, otherpharmacologically active compounds having therapeutic or prophylacticaction are brought into a suitable form for administration and dosagewhich can be used in human or veterinary medicine. As carrier substancesand additives, suitable organic and inorganic substances can be usedwhich do not react in an undesired manner with the compounds of theformula I or their physiologically acceptable salts or solvates. Asexamples of types of additives which can be contained in thepharmaceutical compositions and medicaments, lubricants, preservatives,thickeners, stabilizers, disintegrants, wetting agents, agents forachieving a depot effect, emulsifiers, salts, for example forinfluencing the osmotic pressure, buffer substances, colorants,flavorings and aromatic substances may be mentioned. Examples of carriersubstances and additives are water, physiological sodium chloridesolution, vegetable oils, waxes, alcohols such as ethanol, isopropanol,1,2-propanediol, benzyl alcohols or glycerol, polyols, mannitol,polyethylene glycols, polypropylene glycols, glycerol triacetate,polyvinylpyrrolidone, gelatin, cellulose, carbohydrates such as lactose,glucose, saccharose or starch like corn starch, stearic acid and itssalts such as magnesium stearate, talc, lanolin, petroleum jelly, ormixtures thereof, for example mixtures of water with one or more organicsolvents such as mixtures of water with alcohols. The compounds of theformula I and their physiologically acceptable salts and solvates canalso be lyophilized and the obtained lyophilisates used for theproduction of injectable compositions, for example.

The dosage of a compound of the formula I and/or a physiologicallyacceptable salt and/or solvate thereof to be administered depends on thespecific case and, as is usual, has to be adapted by the physicianaccording to the customary rules and procedures to the individualcircumstances in order to achieve an optimum effect. It depends, forexample, on the nature and the severity of the disorder to be treated,the sex, age, weight and individual responsiveness of the human oranimal patient, on the efficacy and duration of action of the compoundused, on whether the treatment is for the therapy of an acute or chronicdisease or prophylactic, or on whether other active ingredients areadministered in addition to a compound of the formula I. In general, adaily dose from about 0.01 mg/kg to about 100 mg/kg, or from about 0.1mg/kg to about 10 mg/kg, or from about 0.3 mg/kg to about 5 mg/kg (ineach case mg per kg of bodyweight), for example, is appropriate foradministration to an adult weighing about 75 kg in order to obtain thedesired results. The daily dose can be administered in a single dose or,in particular when larger amounts are administered, divided intoseveral, for example two, three or four, individual doses. Theadministration can also be carried out continuously, for example bycontinuous infusion or injection. Depending on the individual behaviorin a specific case, it may be necessary to deviate upward or downwardfrom the indicated dosages.

The examples below illustrate the invention.

When example compounds containing a basic group were purified bypreparative high pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC) on reversed phase(RP) column material and, as customary, the eluent was a gradientmixture of water and acetonitrile containing trifluoroacetic acid (TFA),they were in part obtained in the form of their acid addition salt withtrifluoroacetic acid, depending on the details of the workup such asevaporation or lyophilization conditions. In the names of the examplecompounds and their structural formulae any such trifluoroacetic acidpresent is not specified.

The prepared compounds were in general characterized by spectroscopicdata and chromatographic data, in particular mass spectra (MS) and HPLCretention times (Rt; in min) which were obtained by combined analyticalHPLC/MS characterization (LC/MS), and/or nuclear magnetic resonance(NMR) spectra. In the NMR characterization, the chemical shift δ (inppm), the number of hydrogen atoms and the multiplicity (s=singlet,d=doublet, dd=double doublet, t=triplet, dt=double triplet, q=quartet,m=multiplet; br=broad) of the signals is given. In the MScharacterization, in general the mass number (m/z) of the peak of themolecular ion M, e.g. M⁺, or of a related ion such as the ion M+1, e.g.[M+1]⁺, i.e. the protonated molecular ion [M+H]⁺, which was formeddepending on the ionization method used, is given. Generally, theionization method was electrospray ionization (ESI). The LC/MSconditions used were as follows.

Method LC1

Column: Phenomenex, 4 μM, 10×2 mm, 1.7 μm; flow rate: 1.1 ml/min; eluentA: water+0.05% trifluoroacetic acid; eluent B: acetonitrile; gradient:from 93% A+7% B to 5% A+95% B in 1.2 min, then 5% A+95% B for 0.2 min;MS ionization method: ESI⁺

Method LC2

Column: HPLC BEH C18, 50×2.1 mm, 1.7 μm; flow rate: 0.9 ml/min; eluentA: water+0.1% formic acid; eluent B: acetonitrile+0.08% formic acid;gradient: from 95% A+5% B to 5% A+95% B in 1.1 min, then 5% A+95% B for0.6 min; MS ionization method: ESI⁺

Method LC3

Column: HPLC BEH C18, 50×2.1 mm, 1.7 μm; flow rate: 0.9 ml/min; eluentA: water+0.05% formic acid; eluent B: acetonitrile+0.035% formic acid;gradient: from 95% A+5% B to 5% A+95% B in 1.1 min, then 5% A+95% B for0.6 min; MS ionization method: ESI⁺

Example 1{4-[6-(2-Fluorophenoxy)oxazolo[4,5-c]pyridin-2-yl]-2,6-dimethylphenoxy}aceticacid

(a) N-(4,6-Dichloropyridin-3-yl)-4-methoxy-3,5-dimethylbenzamide

With ice cooling, 1.20 g of 4-methoxy-3,5-dimethylbenzoyl chloride,dissolved in 1 ml of dry dichloromethane were initially added dropwiseto a solution of 0.82 g of 4,6-dichloropyridin-3-ylamine in 8 ml of drydichloromethane. A solution of 0.4 ml of absolute pyridine in 1 ml ofdry dichloromethane was then added, and the reaction was stirred at 0°C. for 2 h, the product partially precipitating slowly. Approx. 10 ml of10% strength aqueous sodium bisulfate solution were then added, and themixture was stirred for five minutes. The aqueous phase was thendecanted off and the solid-containing organic phase was concentratedunder reduced pressure and freeze-dried. This gave 1.63 g (100%) of theproduct, which was used for the next step without any furtherpurification.

LC/MS (Method LC1): Rt=0.92 min; m/z=325.05 [M+H]⁺

(b) 6-Chloro-2-(4-methoxy-3,5-dimethylphenyl)oxazolo[4,5-c]pyridine

In a microwaveable vessel, 0.98 g ofN-(4,6-dichloropyridin-3-yl)-4-methoxy-3,5-dimethylbenzamide weredissolved in 15 ml of dry tetrahydrofuran, and 29 mg of copper(I)iodide, 54 mg of 1,10-phenanthroline and 1.47 g of cesium carbonate wereadded. In a microwave sunthesizer, the reaction mixture was then heatedat 180° C. for 3 h. For work-up, the mixture was added to 12 ml of a 0.5M aqueous hydrochloric acid solution. The precipitated solid wasfiltered off with suction and the mother liquor was extracted twice withethyl acetate. The collected organic phases were combined with thesuction-filtered solid and the solvent was removed under reducedpressure. This gave 0.79 g (91%) of the product, which was reactedfurther without any further purification.

LC/MS (Method LC1): Rt=1.04 min; m/z=289.05 [M+H]⁺

(c)6-(2-Fluorophenoxy)-2-(4-methoxy-3,5-dimethylphenyl)oxazolo[4,5-c]pyridine

In a microwaveable vessel, 0.65 g of6-chloro-2-(4-methoxy-3,5-dimethylphenyl)oxazolo[4,5-c]pyridine weredissolved in 12 ml of absolute N,N-dimethylformamide, and 0.25 g of2-fluorophenol, 0.88 g of cesium carbonate, 21 mg of copper (I) iodideand 40 mg of 1,10-phenanthroline were added. In a microwave reactor, thereaction was heated at 200° C. for 1 h. For work-up, the mixture wasadded to saturated aqueous sodium bicarbonate solution and extractedthree times with ethyl acetate. The combined organic phases were washedwith saturated aqueous sodium bisulaite solution, dried over sodiumsulfate, filtered and concentrated. The crude product was purified bymeans of preparative HPLC, giving 86 mg (10%) of product.

LC/MS (Method LC2): Rt=1.46 min; m/z=365.13 [M+H]⁺

(d) 4-[6-(2-Fluorophenoxy)oxazolo[4,5-c]pyridin-2-yl]-2,6-dimethylphenol

A solution of 60 mg of6-(2-fluorophenoxy)-2-(4-methoxy-3,5-dimethylphenyl)oxazolo[4,5-c]pyridinein 2 ml of dichloromethane was cooled to 0° C., and 0.4 ml of a 1 Msolution of boron tribromide in dichloromethane were added over a periodof 10 min. The mixture was stirred at 0° C. for 1 h and a further 0.2 mlof a 1 M solution of boron tribromide in dichloromethane was then added.The reaction was then stirred at room temperature for 16 h. For work-up,saturated aqueous sodium bicarbonate solution was added slowly to thereaction mixture. The precipitate was filtered off, washed with waterand dried under reduced pressure. This gave 41 mg (71%) of the titlecompound.

LC/MS (Method LC2): Rt=1.35 min; m/z=351.13 [M+H]⁺

(e) tert-Butyl{4-[6-(2-fluorophenoxy)oxazolo[4,5-c]pyridin-2-yl]-2,6-dimethylphenoxy}acetate

110 mg of potassium carbonate were added to a solution of 70 mg of4-[6-(2-fluorophenoxy)oxazolo[4,5-c]pyridin-2-yl]-2,6-dimethylphenol in1 ml of dimethylformamide, and 51 mg of tert-butyl bromoacetate werethen added. The mixture was stirred at room temperature for 16 h. Thereaction mixture was then added to water and extracted twice with ethylacetate. The collected organic phases were dried and concentrated. Thisgave 93 mg (100%) of the title compound, which was reacted furtherwithout any further purification.

LC/MS (Method LC2): Rt=1.48 min; m/z=465.20 [M+H]⁺

(f){4-[6-(2-Fluorophenoxy)oxazolo[4,5-c]pyridin-2-yl]-2,6-dimethylphenoxy}aceticacid

0.8 ml of trifluoroacetic acid was added to a solution of 90 mg oftert-butyl{4-[6-(2-fluorophenoxy)oxazolo[4,5-c]pyridin-2-yl]-2,6-dimethylphenoxy}acetatein 2 ml of dichloromethane, and the mixture was stirred at roomtemperature for 2 h. The reaction was then concentrated under reducedpressure and freeze-dried. This gave 101 mg (100%) of the titlecompound.

LC/MS (Method LC3): Rt=1.17 min; m/z=409.18 [M+H]⁺

Determination of the Pharmacological Activity

A) GTP-γ-S assay using human Edg 1 receptors

In order to determine the Edg 1 receptor activation by the compounds ofthe invention, a GTP-γ-S ((GTP-γ-S=guanosine 5′-[thio]triphosphate)assay for G-protein coupled receptor binding based on the scintillationproximity assay principle was used, employing a cell membranepreparation from a CHO Flp-In cell line which constitutivelyoverexpresses the human Edg 1 receptor.

(a) Cell Line Generation

The Flp-In™ expression system (Invitrogen, cat. no. K6010-01) allows thegeneration of stable mammalian cell lines into which the gene ofinterest has been integrated through homologous recombination at aspecific genomic location called Flp Recombination Target (FRT) site bymeans of a Flp recombinase encoded by the pOG44 expression plasmid. Theintegration of the pcDNA5/FRT expression construct into the Flp-In hostcell line genome results in the transcription of the gene of interest.The stably transfected cells become hygromycin-resistant.

One day prior to transfection, 200 000 Flp-In-CHO cells were seeded inHam F-12 medium (Invitrogen, cat. no. 31765) supplemented with 10% fetalcalf serum (FCS; Perbio Science, cat. no. SH30068.03) in a 6-well plateand incubated at 37° C./5% CO₂ overnight. Using the FuGENE® 6transfection reagent (Roche, cat. no. 11988387001), cells werecotransfected with the Flp recombinase expression plasmid pOG44 and amodified plasmid additionally containing the edg-1 gene (accession no.NM_(—)001400) termed as pcDNA5-FRT-TO_nFLAG_DEST-EDG 1 with a 9:1 ratio.To obtain the modified pcDNA5-FRT-TO_nFLAG_DEST plasmid, the Invitrogenplasmid pcDNA5/FRT/TO (Invitrogen, cat. no. V6520-20) was adapted to theGateway® (Invitrogen) cloning system by inserting a Gateway cassettecontaining attR recombination sites flanking a ccdB gene and achloramphenicol-resistance gene (Gateway conversion system, Invitrogen,cat. no. 11828-029). In addition a FLAG tag epitope was added before the5′ att recombination site to allow recombinant expression ofN-terminally FLAG-tagged proteins.

For the transfection of one well, 1.08 μg of pOG44 and 0.12 μg ofpcDNA5-FRT-TO_nFLAG_DEST-EDG 1 were mixed with 100 μl of serum-free HamF-12 medium containing 6 μl of FuGENE® 6 transfection reagent. After 20min of incubation, the transfection reagent/DNA complex was distributeddropwise on the cells. The cells were incubated for 24 h at 37° C. Thenthe cells from 3 wells were transferred to a T75 flask (GreinerCellstar®, cat. no. 658175) containing Ham F-12 medium supplemented with10% of FCS but without antibiotic and were incubated another 24 h. 48 hafter transfection, the medium was replaced by selection medium (HamF-12 supplemented with 10% of FCS and 300 μg/ml of hygromycin B(Invitrogen, cat. no. 10687-010)). The medium was exchanged every 2 to 3days until a resistant population of cells had grown. Cells were severaltimes splitted and seeded into a new flask so that the cells did notreach more than 25% of confluency. After 2 weeks of selection, the cellswere transferred into T175 flasks (Greiner Cellstar®, cat. no. 660175)and cultivated for batch production. Cells were harvested from theculture flasks by short treatment (2 to 5 min) with Accutase (PAA, cat.no L11-007), resuspended in selection medium (see above) and centrifugedat 200×g for 5 min. Cells were resuspended in a mixture of 90% of FCSand 10% of dimethyl sulfoxide and stored frozen in liquid nitrogen.

(b) Membrane Preparation

A membrane preparation was obtained by standard methods from theafore-described CHO Flp-In cell line constitutively overexpressing thehuman Edg 1 receptor. Briefly, the cryopreserved cells were taken inculture and grown until confluency in T175 cell culture flasks (BectonDickinson, cat. no. 35 5001). Cell culture was stopped by washing withcalcium-free phosphate-buffered saline (PBS; Gibco, cat. no. 14190), andcells were harvested with a rubber-policeman in 4° C. cold andcalcium-free PBS supplemented with a protease inhibitor cocktail(complete protease inhibitor; Roche, cat. no. 1697498; 1 tablet per 50ml) and subsequently centrifuged at 4° C. for 15 min at 1100×g (HeraeusMinifuge T). For cell lysis, the pellet was resuspended in a 4° C. coldhypotonic buffer consisting of 5 mM HEPES (Sigma-Aldrich, cat. no.H-0981), 1 mM EDTA (disodium salt; Merck, cat. No. 8418) supplementedwith protease inhibitor cocktail (as above) in which cells were storedfor another 15 min on ice. After lysis, cells were centrifuged at 4° C.for 10 min at 400×g (Heraeus Minifuge T). The pellet was disrupted in aDounce homogenizer, diluted with the supernatant of the previouscentrifugation and subsequently centrifuged at 4° C. for 10 min at 500×g(Heraeus Minifuge T) in order to separate nuclei and still intact cellsfrom the membranes mainly present in the supernatant. The supernatantwas then diluted in hypotonic buffer and centrifuged (Beckmann, AvantiJ251) at approximately 18 600×g for 2 h at 4° C. After centrifugation,the membrane pellet was resuspended in a storing buffer consisting of 20mM HEPES; 150 mM NaCl (Merck, cat. no. 6400), 1 mM EDTA (as above)supplemented with protease inhibitor cocktail (as above). The membranepreparation was aliquoted and stored at −80 C. Protein concentration ofthe membrane preparation was determined in a sample by means of acommercial protein assay (Bio-Rad, DC Protein Assay, cat. nos. 500-0113,500-0114, 500-0115).

(c) GTP-γ-S-Assay

The Edg 1 membrane preparation obtained in (b) was employed in acommercially available scintillation proximity assay (SPA) kit forG-protein coupled receptor binding from Amersham Biosciences/GEHealthcare (code RPNQ0210), in which ligand-induced binding of³⁵S-radiolabeled GTP-γ-S to the receptor-containing membrane, which isbound to scintillation beads, stimulates the emission of light andallows to quantify the in vitro activity of the Edg 1 agonisticcompound. The assay was performed on a 96-well plate substantiallyaccording to the manufacturer's instructions. Before start of theexperiments, scintillation beads were suspended in a reconstitutionbuffer consisting of Tris-HCl (pH 7.4) supplemented with 0.1% (w/v)sodium azide and subsequently diluted on ice with assay buffer(consisting of 20 mM HEPES, 100 mM NaCl, 1 mM EDTA (as above), 1 mMdithiothreitol (DTT), adjusted to pH 7.4) to a final bead concentrationof 30 mg/ml.

Wells were charged with 10 μl of the specified assay buffer, 10 μl of a100 μM guanosine diphosphate (GDP) solution, and 10 μl of a solution ofthe test compound in assay buffer/dimethyl sulfoxide resulting in afinal concentration of the test compound of 10 μM. For the highcontrols, 10 μl of a solution of sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P, Sigma,cat. no. S-9666), resulting in a final S1P concentration of 10 μM, andfor the low controls 10 μl of assay buffer, was added into respectivewells instead of the solution of the test compound. All wells containedequivalent amounts of dimethyl sulfoxide. Then 10 μl of a [³⁵S]GTP-γ-Ssolution (4 nM) and the Edg 1 membrane preparation obtained in (b) (15μg membrane proteins in 100 μl of assay buffer) were added to each well.After incubation of the plates at room temperature for 5 min, 50 μl ofthe specified scintillation bead suspension (30 mg/ml) were added. Aftera further incubation period of 45 min at room temperature, plates werecentrifuged for 10 min at 500×g. Quantification of [³⁵S]GTP-γ-S bindingand thus receptor activation was measured by means of a beta counter(MicroBeta, Wallac) over 1 min. Values were background-corrected bysubtraction of the respective low control. All measurements were made intriplicate. The receptor activation by the test compound is expressed inpercent of the respective high control (10 μM S1P, regarded as 100%activation). The activation observed with example compound I at 10 μMwas 86%.

It can be seen from the measurement data that the compounds are highlysuitable for wound healing and in particular for treating wound healingdisorders of patients with diabetes.

1. A compound of the formula I, in any of its stereoisomeric forms, or amixture of stereoisomeric forms in any ratio, or a physiologicallyacceptable salt thereof, or a physiologically acceptable solvate of sucha compound or such a salt,

wherein X is selected from the group consisting of (C₁-C₆)-alkanediyl,(C₂-C₆)-alkenediyl, (C₂-C₆)-alkynediyl, (C₃-C₇)-cycloalkanediyl,(C₁-C₆)-alkanediyloxy and (C₃-C₇)-cycloalkanediyloxy; all of which areoptionally substituted by one or more identical or differentsubstituents selected from the group consisting of fluorine andhydroxyl, where the oxygen atom of the (C₁-C₆)-alkanediyloxy and(C₃-C₇)-cycloalkanediyloxy groups is attached to group Y; Y is selectedfrom the group consisting of phenylene and a bivalent radical of anaromatic 5-membered or 6-membered monocyclic heterocycle which contains1, 2 or 3 identical or different ring heteroatoms selected from thegroup consisting of N, O and S, where one of the ring nitrogen atoms maycarry a hydrogen atom or a substituent R⁴ and where the phenylene andthe bivalent radical of an aromatic heterocycle are optionallysubstituted at one or more ring carbon atoms by identical or differentsubstituents R⁵; R¹ is selected from the group consisting of hydrogenand (C₁-C₄)-alkyl; R² and R³ independently of one another are selectedfrom the group consisting of H, halogen, hydroxyl, (C₁-C₄)-alkyl-,(C₁-C₄)-alkyloxy, (C₁-C₄)-alkyl-S(O)_(m)—, amino, nitro, cyano,hydroxycarbonyl, (C₁-C₄)-alkyloxycarbonyl, aminocarbonyl andaminosulfonyl, (C₃-C₇)-cycloalkyl-C_(w)H_(2w)— and oxy, where w isselected from the group consisting of 0, 1 and 2; R⁴ is selected fromthe group consisting of (C₁-C₄)-alkyl, (C₃-C₇)-cycloalkyl-C_(w)H_(2w)—and oxy, where w is selected from the group consisting of 0, 1 and 2; R⁵is selected from the group consisting of halogen, hydroxyl,(C₁-C₄)-alkyl-, (C₃-C₅)-cycloalkyl-C_(z)H_(2z)—, (C₁-C₄)-alkyloxy,(C₁-C₄)-alkyl-S(O)_(m)—, amino, nitro, cyano, hydroxycarbonyl,(C₁-C₄)-alkyloxycarbonyl, aminocarbonyl and aminosulfonyl, where z isselected from the group consisting of 0, 1 and 2; m is selected from thegroup consisting of 0, 1 and
 2. 2. The compound of the formula I, in anyof its stereoisomeric forms, or a mixture of stereoisomeric forms in anyratio, or a physiologically acceptable salt thereof, or aphysiologically acceptable solvate of such a compound or such a salt asclaimed in claim 1, wherein X is (C₁-C₆)-alkanediyloxy, where the oxygenatom of the (C₁-C₆)-alkanediyloxy group is attached to the group Y; Y isphenylene, where the phenylene is optionally substituted at one or morering carbon atoms by identical or different substituents R⁵; R¹ ishydrogen or (C₁-C₄)-alkyl; R² and R³ independently of one another areselected from the group consisting of H, halogen, hydroxyl,(C₁-C₄)-alkyl-, (C₁-C₄)-alkyloxy, (C₁-C₄)-alkyl-S(O)_(m)—, amino, nitro,cyano, hydroxycarbonyl, (C₁-C₄)-alkyloxycarbonyl, aminocarbonyl andaminosulfonyl, (C₃-C₇)-cycloalkyl-C_(w)H_(2w)— and oxy, where w isselected from the group consisting of 0, 1 and 2; R⁵ is selected fromthe group consisting of halogen, hydroxyl, (C₁-C₄)-alkyl-,(C₃-C₅)-cycloalkyl-C_(z)H_(2z)—, (C₁-C₄)-alkyloxy,(C₁-C₄)-alkyl-S(O)_(m)—, amino, nitro, cyano, hydroxycarbonyl,(C₁-C₄)-alkyloxycarbonyl, aminocarbonyl and aminosulfonyl, where z isselected from the group consisting of 0, 1 and 2; m is selected from thegroup consisting of 0, 1 and
 2. 3. The compound of the formula I, in anyof its stereoisomeric forms, or a mixture of stereoisomeric forms in anyratio, or a physiologically acceptable salt thereof, or aphysiologically acceptable solvate of such a compound or such a salt asclaimed in claim 1, wherein X is (C₁-C₆)-alkanediyloxy, where the oxygenatom of the (C₁-C₆)-alkanediyloxy group is attached to the group Y; Y isphenylene, where the phenylene is optionally substituted at one or morering carbon atoms by identical or different substituents R⁵; R¹ ishydrogen or (C₁-C₄)-alkyl; R² and R³ independently of one another areselected from the group consisting of H, halogen, hydroxyl,(C₁-C₄)-alkyl-, (C₁-C₄)-alkyloxy, (C₁-C₄)-alkyl-S(O)_(m)—, amino, nitro,cyano, hydroxycarbonyl, (C₁-C₄)-alkyloxycarbonyl, aminocarbonyl andaminosulfonyl, (C₃-C₇)-cycloalkyl-C_(w)H_(2w)— and oxy, where w isselected from the group consisting of 0, 1 and 2; R⁵ is (C₁-C₄)-alkyl; mis selected from the group consisting of 0, 1 and
 2. 4. The compound ofthe formula I, in any of its stereoisomeric forms, or a mixture ofstereoisomeric forms in any ratio, or a physiologically acceptable saltthereof, or a physiologically acceptable solvate of such a compound orsuch a salt as claimed in claim 1, wherein X is —(CH₂)—O—, where —O— isattached to the group Y; Y is phenylene, where the phenylene isoptionally substituted at one or more ring carbon atoms by identical ordifferent substituents R⁵; R¹ is hydrogen; R² and R³ independently ofone another are selected from the group consisting of H, halogen; R⁵ is(C₁-C₄)-alkyl.
 5. A pharmaceutical composition, comprising at least onecompound of the formula I as claimed in claim 1 or a physiologicallyacceptable salt thereof, or a physiologically acceptable solvate of sucha compound or such a salt, and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier. 6.The pharmaceutical composition as claimed in claim 5, wherein thepharmaceutical composition is a hydrogel preparation.
 7. (canceled)
 8. Amethod of treating wound healing disorders in a patient in need thereofcomprising administering to said patient a therapeutically effectiveamount of the pharmaceutical composition of claim
 5. 9. A method ofwound healing in a patient in need thereof comprising administering tosaid patient a therapeutically effective amount of the pharmaceuticalcomposition of claim
 5. 10. A method of wound healing in diabetics in apatient in need thereof comprising administering to said patient atherapeutically effective amount of the pharmaceutical composition ofclaim
 5. 11. A method of treating cardiovascular disorders in a patientin need thereof comprising administering to said patient atherapeutically effective amount of the pharmaceutical composition ofclaim
 5. 12. (canceled)
 13. A method of treating diabetic foot syndromein a patient in need thereof comprising administering to said patient atherapeutically effective amount of the pharmaceutical composition ofclaim 5.